摘要
我国北方旱农地区因自然环境条件的差异,社会经济条件的多式多样,农业结构的不同和发展不平衡,可划分为不同的生态类型,应区别对待,因地制宜地进行开发。1.风砂旱滩类型大致包括东北西部、河北坝上、山西雁北、陕西长城沿线及内蒙古中西部地区,地高气寒、温热条件较差,年仅一熟,雨量稀少,人均耕地多,耕作粗放,应以草业为主,适当发展林业、保护土地,培肥地力,提高单产。2.梁峁沟壑及浅山类型,大致包括晋北、晋东南及晋西山地,陕北黄土丘陵沟壑区、陇中梁状丘陵区及青海浅山地区。为北方水土流失最严重地区。年降雨400—550mm,光热条件好,一年一熟。应做好土地利用和农村产业结构调整,加强农田基本建设,种树种草,兴修水土保持工程,推行保水、保土、保肥旱农耕作技术,促进商品经济发展。3.高原沟壑类型,分布在陇东黄土高原、渭北高原、渭北台原及秦岭北坡、太行山麓等处的原地或阶地。雨、热及土壤条件优于以上两类地区,多属温带半湿润气候。应合理利用土地、调整农村产业及种植业结构、推广间作套种、抗旱保墒技术、农牧果林综合发展。4.内陆冬雨类型,即西北内陆流域除大部绿洲灌溉农业之外的少部分地区,年降雨量250—400mm,适宜多种农作物及果树生长。应作出规划、划定范围,综合经营,加强管理。
Dryland farming areas in North China can be divided into differentecological types because of difference in natural environmental conditions,diversities in Social-economic conditions,difference in agricultural structuresand,uneven development.Thus,the development of each agroecological typeshould be based on the local conditions.1.Winddrift and dry bank type:This region covers the west part of North- east China,Bashang area in Hebei province,Yanbei area in Shanxi province,the area along the Great Wall in ShaanXi Province and the west part of InnerMongolia where the weath is cold with high latitudes so that warm and heatconditions are poor With pnly one cop a year.There is less rainfall.But,per capita has more cultivated land with extensive farming.Therefore,grass-land agriculture should be the priority with proper development of forest soas to protect farmland and better soil fertility arb improve per unit areacrop yields.2.Liang and Mao,hilly and gully and shallow mountain types:Thisregion covers the north,southeast and west parts of Shaanxi province,hillyand gully loessal regions in north part of Shaanxi province,hilly area of themiddle part of Gansu province and shallow mountain areas in Oinghai pro-vince where soil and water erosion runal wild.Annual rainfall is 400-500mm.Light and heat conditions are better with one crop a year.Therefore,a gootdwork should be done well on laud use and the adjustment of rural industrialstructures.Capital farmland construction should be strengthened.Also,effortsshould be made to carry out tree and grass planting,water and soil conser-vation works and extend dryland farming conservation tillages to conservesoil,water and soil fertility so as to promote the development of commercialeconomic development.3.Highland Hilly and gully region:This region distributes over theloess plateau in the east part of Cansu province,Weibei highland,table landon Weibei Highland,the northpart of Qinling Mountains,and the Yuan landon table at foot of Taihang Mountain where rainfall,heat and soil conditionsare much better and more superior to those in the above mentioned two regions,falling into temperate and semi-humid weather zones.Thus,rational landuse,adjustment of rural industrial and agro-planting structures should becarried out.At the time,the intercropping,and techniqued of drgnght resis-tance and conserving soil mosture must de extendecd,and the development ofagriculture,livestock,-fruits and forestry should be combined together,4.Inland winter rainfall type:i.e.apart from the irrigated agriculturein most oasis,small areas ia the inland area of Northwest China has annualrainfall of 250-400 mm,being suitable for various kinds of agricultural cropsand fruit tree growth.Thus,the planning should be worked out to define therange for comprehensive operations and strengthening the managements so asto establish the stable dryland farming areas.
出处
《干旱地区农业研究》
CSCD
北大核心
1990年第1期1-11,共11页
Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas
