摘要
通过连续2年的定位试验,对坡度为8-20°的旱坡地“作物-植物篱”系统能流特征如能结构、能效率进行了研究,结果表明:①“作物-植物篱”系统产出能和输入能的数量和结构的变化主要受到植物篱子系统类型的影响。与大面积旱坡地传统农作物生产系统如“小麦/花生(或玉米)/甘薯”比较:由于果树、草本等植物篱的冠层及根系在形态和空间分布上与作物的异质性,形成了对光、热、水、土、肥等资源的连续、多层次的利用,因此能有效提高系统的光能利用率、人工输入能效率,耕地单位面积总产出能也会增加,坡度越大,相对增幅亦越大;由于能极显著减少无机能施入量,这有利于降低化肥农药使用量,减少对环境的污染和破坏。②“作物-果树类植物篱”系统输入能总量和有机能输入量大幅度增加,因此有利于优化输入能结构,促进坡地生态系统良性循环和集约高效农业发展。③“作物-草本植物篱”系统人工辅助能的输入量大幅度下降,由于它所需投入能少,有机能耗和无机能耗均低,人工输入能效率很高而生物产量也较高,并且它们提高了与其间作的其他作物的能量产投比,因此提升了整个系统能量产投比率;由于保水固土的生态功能显著,使它能在四川广大山地、丘陵区退耕还林还草工程中发挥重要作用。
the energy flow characteristics of ＂crop-hedgerow＂ system, such as the structure and the efficiency of the energy flow of system on slopping land was studied for 2 years. There are 3 main conclusios. （1）Quantity and structure change of out- put and input energy of ＂crop-hedgerow＂ system is affected mainly by the type of hedgerow subsystem. In comparison with the traditional production system on sloping land, for instance, wheat / peanut or corn / sweet potato system： there is difference between hedgerows （including fruit tree,herb etc. ） and the crop in shape and space distribution of crown and root so that the natural resources of light ,heat ,water and soil are utilized continuously in time and in space , which enhance photo energy utilization efficiency ,input labour energy utilization efficiency and total output energy per unit area, with more positive effect on steeper sloping land. Because the input inorganic energy of ＂crop-hedgerow＂ system was reduced significantly, the quantity of chemical fertilizer and pesticide can be reduced, resulting environment protection. （2）Tthe total input energy （including organic energy） of hedgerow system of ＂crop-fruit＂ type is increased, which is useful for improving input energy structure and ecosystem, and enhancing intensive agriculture development. （3） ＂Crop-herb＂ hedgerow system can reduce input labour energy, decrease input energy and input energy consumption greatly, resulting in increasing the input labour energy utilization efficiency and biomass, energy out-input ratio of inter-planted crops. It conserves water and soil, playing an important role in agricultural reform in vast mountainous and hilly area in Sichuan.
出处
《水土保持研究》
CSCD
北大核心
2007年第2期171-175,178,共6页
Research of Soil and Water Conservation
基金
农业部科技跨越计划项目"长江上游经济植物篱农作保护利用坡耕地的试验示范"
关键词
旱坡地
“作物-植物篱”系统
能结构
能效率
slopping land
＂crop- hedgerow＂ system
energy structure
energy efficiency
