摘要
陕北长城外地区位于蒙陕农牧交错带,属于典型的脆弱生境地带。清代中央和地方两级政府针对当地汉民承租蒙民土地从事农牧业生产这一环节,在不同时期制定了不同的垦殖政策,经历了封禁、招垦、禁垦、拓垦四个阶段,这既是清政府对陕北长城外地区逐步认识和开发的过程,同时也是该地区生态环境变化的过程。在政策—人—环境相互作用的关系过程中,制度、政策与权力的结合对区域环境变化的影响具有根本性的驱动作用。
Based on the valuable historical documents, this paper approaches the ecological environment change which was caused by the Adjustment of the Cultivation Policy in Huo Pan Di outside the Great Wall in the North of Shaanxi during the Qing Dynasty. The analysis results are as follows： The cultivation policy, which was formulated by the central government and local authority to deal with the relationship between the Han ethnic groups and herdsmen, had an apparent divergence in Qing Dynasty＇s different times. Four stages of the land reclamation were identified, i. e. , a stage of desolation in the end of the Ming Dynasty and the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, a stage of recultivation from Kangxi Emperor to Qianlong Emperor, a stage of expanding reclamation from Qianlong Emperor to Guangxu Emperor, and still another stage of desolation from Guangxu Emperor to the end of Xuantong Emperor. To analyze the intrinsic nature of the different stage＇s cultivation policies, the adjustment of the cultivation policy is not apparent in the early time of Qing Dynasty. But from the Kangxi Dynasty, the government unceasingly carried on the adjustment in this local reclamation policy, under this background, the Han Nationality immigrants unceasingly jumped over reclamations, people ploughed the area unceasingly to expand, the animal husbandry landscape is gradually substituted by the agricultural landscape.
出处
《史学月刊》
CSSCI
北大核心
2007年第4期86-93,共8页
Journal of Historical Science
基金
国家自然科学基金项目"历代制度和政策因素对西部环境的影响:途径
方式和力度"(90302002
中国西部环境和生态科学研究计划项目)资助成果
关键词
清代
垦殖政策
陕北长城外
生态环境
the Qing Dynasty
reclamation policy
outside the Great Wall in the North of Shaanxi
ecological environment
