7Wilson MJ,Cooper G,MacArthur C,et al.Randomized controlled trial comparing traditional with two "mobile" epidural techniques:anesthetic and analgesic efficacy.Anesthesiology,2002,97:1567-1575.
10Karraz MA.Ambulatory epidural anesthesia and the duration of labor.Int J Gynaecol Obstet,2003,80:117-122.
二级参考文献38
1张曦,无痛计划分娩,1996年,221页
2李促廉,临床疼痛治疗学,1994年,385页
3郑斯聚,麻醉药理学,1990年,84页
4凌萝达,头位难产,1990年,71页
5Lawrenca C, Brad T, Sanjay C,et al. Is combined spinal-epidural analgesia associated with more rapid cervical dilation in nulliparous patients when compared with conventional epidural analgesia? Anesthesiol, 1999,91:920-925.
6James A, Daniel H, Rene M, et al. The effect of intrapartum epidural analgesia on nulliparous labor: a randomized controlled prospective trial. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 1993,169:851-858.
7Halpern SH, Leighton BL, Ohlsson A, et al. Effect of parenteral opioid analgesia on the progress of labor: a meta-analysis. JAMA, 1998,280:2105-2110.
8Cutbush CM, McDonough JP, Clark K, et al. The effect of intrathecaj and epidural narcotic analgesia on the length of labor. CRNA, 1998, 9:106-112.
9Chestnut DH, Vandewalker GE, Owen CL, et al. The influence of continuous epidural bupivacaine analgesia on the second stage of labor and method of delivery in nulliparous women. Anesthesiol, 1987,66:774-780.
10Gartier P, DeKock M, Van Steenberge L, et al. A double-blind comparison of 0.125% ropivacaine with sufentanil and 0.125% bupivacaine with sufentanil for epidural analgesia. Anesthesiol, 1999,90:772-778.
5Moore T R, key T C, Reisner L S, et al. Elevation of the use of continuous lumber epidural anesthesia for the hypertensive pregnant woman in labor. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 1985,152:404.
6乐杰.妇产科学.7版.北京:人民卫生出版社.2005.97.
7Lucas M J,Sharma S K, Mcintire D D,et al. A randomized trial of labor analgesia in women with pregnancy induced hypertension. Am J Obstet Gynecol,2001,185:970.
8Zhang J, Michael K, Yancey, et al. Does epidural analgesia prolong labor and increase risk of cesarean delivery? A natural experiment. Am J Obstet Gynecol,2001,185:128.