5Gass,S.Integrating Research Areas:A Framework for Second Language Studies[J].Applied Linguistics,1988(9).
6Krashen,S.P.Second Language Acquisition & Second Language Learning[M].Oxford:Pergamon Press,1981.
7Krashen,S.P.Principles and Practice in Second Language Acquisition[M].Oxford:Pergamon Press,1981.
8Pica.T,Young,R.& Doughty,C.The Impact of Interaction on Comprehension[J].TESOL Quarterly,1987(21).
9Swain,M.Communicative Competence:Some Roles of Comprehensible Input and Comprehensible Output in Its Development[A].S.Gass & C.Madden.Input in Second Language Acquisition[C].Rowley,MA:Newbury House,1985.
8Gardner, R. Social psychology and second lan- guage learning: The role of attitude and motiva- tion[M]. London: Edward Arnold, 1985.
9Horwitz, E. K., Young, D. Language anxiety: From theory and research to classroom implica- tions [M]. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1991.
10MacIntyre, P. D., Gardner, R.C. The subtle ef- fects of language anxiety on cognitive processing in the second language [J]. Language Learning, 1994(2).