摘要
目的:选取人格、自尊与成就动机、应对方式作为相关变量,分析少年教养人员不同人格类型的自尊与成就动机、应对方式的特点。方法:调查对象为河南省某少年教养管理所2004-10/2005-02在押的少年教养人员97名,均为男性。运用艾森克人格问卷、自尊量表、成就动机量表和简易应对方式量表测评不同人格类型少年教养人员的自尊、成就动机及应对方式。其中①艾森克人格问卷由88项问题,4个分量表组成,分别为精神质、内外向、神经质、掩饰,每题按自己的实际情况回答“是”和“否”。②自尊量表共10题,4级评分(“非常符合”到“很不符合”),总分范围10～40分,分值越高,自尊程度越高。③成就动机量表由30项问题,2个分量表组成,分别为追求成功动机,避免失败动机,得分越高,追求成功的动机越高,得分越低,成就动机越弱,个体越倾向于避免失败。④简易应对方式量表包括积极应对方式和消极应对方式2个分量表,采用多级评分,“不采用、偶尔采用、有时采用、经常采用”,相应评分0,1,2,3分。结果:共发放问卷97份,有效问卷88份。①少年教养人员人格精神质、神经质和掩饰性得分与相应常模比较,差异具有显著性意义[(9.44±3.78),(6.65±4.36)分;(14.49±4.22),(11.43±4.31)分;(8.69±4.24),(12.47±3.81)分,P<0.01]。②自尊与成就动机、积极应对呈正相关,与避免失败、消极应对呈负相关;成就动机与内外向呈正相关,与稳定性呈负相关;积极应对与自尊、成就动机呈正相关;消极应对与内外向、稳定性、避免失败呈正相关,与自尊呈负相关,差异具有显著性意义(P<0.05)。③通过Q型聚类分析得出3种人格类型:冲动型37名、敌对型32名和稳定型19名。不同人格类型被试精神质、稳定性、掩饰性、自尊和成就动机比较,差异具有显著性意义(P<0.01);应对方式比较,差异无显著性意义(P>0.05)。结论:少年教养人员具有高精神质、低掩饰性和神经质偏高的人格特质;具有冲动型、敌对型和稳定型3种人格类型。不同人格类型具有不同的自尊、成就动机和应对方式。
AIM： To analyse the characteristics of serf-esteem, achievement motive and coping style in cultivated juveniles of different personality by taking the personality, self-esteem and achievement motive as relevant variances. METHODS： Ninety-seven male cultivated juveniles between October 2004 and February 2005 were selected from the Juvenile Cultivation Institution of Henan province, The Eysenck Personality Questionnaire, Serf-Esteem Scale, Achievement Motive Scale and Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire were used to determine the serf-esteem, achievement motive and coping style of cultivated juveniles. ① The Eysenck Personality Questionnaire was composed of 88 questions of 4 scales, which were psychoticism, introversion and extroversion, neuroticism and lying respectively. Subjects filled the questionnaire strictly according to the actuality. ② There were 10 questions in the Serf-Esteem scale, which was evaluated from 4 grades （from ＂exactly coincident＂ to ＂not coincident at all＂） with the total scores ranged from 10 points to 40 points. The higher the score was, the higher the self-esteem was. ③ Achievement Motive Scale included 30 questions in 2 scales, which were pursuing of achievement motive and avoidance of failure motive. The higher the score was, the higher the motive of pursuing achievement was; and the lower the score was, the weaker the motive was, and the individual was much more trend to avoid the failure. ④ Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire included positive coping style and negative coping style, which was evaluated by multiple grades, ＂never used, occasionally used, sometimes used and often used＂ with corresponding score of zero, one, two and three points respectivaly. RESULTS： 97 questionnaires were＇ distributed and 88 were valid. ① There were statistical differences in psychoticism, neuroticism and lies between cultivated juveniles and the norms [（9.44±3.78）, （6.65±4.36） points;（14.49±4.22）, （11.43±4.31） points;（8.69±4.24）,（12.47±3.81） points,P 〈 0.01 ）： ② Self-esteem was in positive correlation with achievement motive and positive coping, whereas it was in negative correlation with avoidance of failure and negative coping. The achievement motive was in positive correlation with introversion and extroversion, whereas it was in negative correlation with the stability Positive coping was in positive correlation with self-esteem and achievement motive. Negative coping was in .positive correlation with introversion, extroversion, stability and avoidance of failure, whereas it was in negative correlation with self-esteem. There were statistical significance in the differences （P 〈 0.05）. ③ Cultivated juveniles were divided into three groups by hierarchical cluster analysis： the impulsive （n =37）,the hostile （n =32） and the stabilizer （n =19）. There were statistical differences in psychoticism, stability, lies, self-esteem and achievement motive among subjects of different personality （P 〈 0.01 ）, while there was no statistical difference in coping style （P 〉 0.05）. CONCLUSION： The cultivated juveniles are high in psychoticism, low in lies and high in neuroticism, who have three personality： the impulsive ,the hostile and the stabilizer. Different types of personality have different self-esteem level, achievement motive and coping style.
出处
《中国组织工程研究与临床康复》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2007年第17期3306-3309,共4页
Journal of Clinical Rehabilitative Tissue Engineering Research
