摘要
通过对1995-2004年福建省农业面源污染问题相关统计资料的分析,阐述了近10年来福建省12条主要水系、主要湖泊水库和近岸海域海水水质的变化情况,结果显示,从2002年起,福建省水域环境质量呈现持续恶化的趋势,12条主要水系和湖泊水库的Ⅰ-Ⅲ类水质所占比例分别从2002年的90.6%和77.8%下降至2004年的83.6%和36.4%;近海域海水一、二类水质所占比例从2002年的47.3%下降至2004年的32.3%;分析了引起福建省水环境质量恶化的农业面源污染因子,主要包括:化肥、农药、农用塑料薄膜、畜禽养殖、水土流失和水产养殖;并提出了福建省农业面源污染的防治对策,主要包括:完善农业立法、强化经营管理措施,加强农化物质投入最小化技术研究,开展畜禽粪便多用途综合利用,发展生态农业和有机农业、提倡清洁生产、遏制农业面源污染,合理投放鱼饲料和药物、减少流失率。
Correlative statistic data about the issue of agricultural non-point source pollution in Fujian province during 1995-2004 were analyzed in the study. The changing status of the water quality of the 12 main water systems, chief lakes and reservoirs and seawater near coast in Fujian province were expatiated. Results showed that： the environmental quality of water area in Fujian province had been continuously deteriorated since 2002; the proportion of Ⅰ -Ⅲ types water in the 12 main water systems and chief lakes ＆ reservoirs was declined from 90.6% and 77.8% in 2002 to 83.6% and 36.4% in 2004, respectively; the proportion of Ⅰ and Ⅱ types water in the seawater near coast was declined from 47.3% in 2002 to 32.3% in 2004. Moreover, agricultural non-point source pollution factors which causing the deterioration of water environmental quality were analyzed, and those primary factors included chemical fertilizer, pesticide, farming plastic film, livestock and birds raising, water and soil erosion, aquiculture. Finally, prevention and cure countermeasures to control agricultural non-point source pollution in Fujian province were put forward, those mainly included： perfecting agriculture legislation and intensifying management measures, strengthening research to technique of least devotion of agriculture chemical substance, developing allpurpose and synthetical use of dejection of livestock and birds, developing ecological agriculture and organic agriculture, advocating cleansing production and containing agricultural non-point source pollution reasonably putting in fish feed and medication and reducing their losses rate.
出处
《中国农学通报》
CSCD
2006年第11期371-377,共7页
Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin
基金
福建省科技厅重点项目"闽江中上游农业面源污染评估及关键控制技术研究"(2005Y009)
福建省农科院青年人才创新基金项目"水口库区流域农业面源污染特征及数字化模拟评价技术"(闽农科院发[2006]157号)
关键词
福建省
农业面源污染
问题
防治对策
Fujian province, Agricuhural non-point source pollution, Issue, Prevention and cure countermeasure
