摘要
在西方各国,美国一向被认为处理宗教冲突、实现宗教自由的典范。美国宪法第一修正案中简单明了的规定,直到现在仍然是美国处理宗教纠纷的主要依据。本文追溯了从欧洲人逃避宗教迫害来到美洲,到美国宪法第一修正案制定之间的基本过程,指出,美国看似中立的宗教自由政策,其实有着浓厚的新教色彩。它的理论根据,是洛克的自然权利、社会契约、政教分离、宗教宽容的学说;而这套学说本身就有着基督教的背景。正是因为美国宗教自由政策的新教背景,使它在处理当前的国内国外问题时常常显得捉襟见肘。这虽然是人类历史上处理宗教冲突问题的一大创造,但有着根深蒂固的问题,无法照搬到别的文化中。
This paper examines the history from the migration of Europeans to America due to religious persecutions to the establishment of the First Amendment of the Constitution. I argue that the seemingly neutral policy of religious liberty has a characteristic of Protestuntison. Its theoretical foundation is the ideas of natural right, social contract, division of politics and religion, and religious toleration raised by John Locke, and all these theories have a Christian foundation. Although this is a great creation in dealing with religious conflicts, because of the Protestant foundation of American religious policy, US government has been facing more and more problems when dealing with affairs about other religions both from domestic and abroad.
出处
《北京大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2006年第5期39-47,共9页
Journal of Peking University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)
基金
教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目"当代宗教冲突与对话研究"(04JZD0005)。
关键词
宗教自由
自然权利
宗教宽容
美国宪法第一修正案
新教
religious liberty
natural right
religious toleration
the First Amendment of US Constitution Protestantism
