摘要
目的:分析教师群体的婚姻质量及其影响因素。方法:由河南省某地市分层抽取2所大学、3所高中、4所初中、3所小学的已婚教师作为研究对象。共发放问卷600份,收回有效问卷504份。采用0LSON婚姻质量问卷(共12个因子,每一条目均采用1～5分5级评分制,评分高提示婚姻质量好。)评估教师的婚姻质量。采用症状自评量表(SCL-90)(共10个症状因素,0～4级5级评分,得分越高,心理健康状况越差。)评估教师的症状情况。采用抑郁量表(SDS)(由20个条目,按1～4级评分。评分越高,抑郁程度越重。)评估患者调查者的抑郁情况。结果:①不同类型学校教师的婚姻质量:高中、初中和小学教师的婚姻质量总分高于大学教师。初中教师的婚姻质量总分明显高于大学教师,两者差异有显著性(P<0.05)。大学教师的SCL-90总分高于高中、初中和小学教师,以过分理想、解决冲突、经济安排、性生活、亲友关系、角色平等和信仰一致七因子方面呈现出心理问题较多的趋势。②不同性别教师的婚姻质量:男性婚姻质量总分明显低于女性(t=-3.841,P<0.05)。③回归分析结果:性生活、经济安排两个因素进入方程,成为影响教师心理健康的两个重要因素。④因子分析结果:4个因素的特征值大于1,解释了总方差的69.843%。⑤系统聚类分析结果:第一个因子心理健康和第四个因子客观条件性成为一类;第三个因子夫妻婚姻适应性和婚姻评价性为一类。结论:大学教师婚姻质量评分低于中小学教师;男性教师群体婚姻质量总体评价较低,女性教师的婚姻质量满意度高于男性;高职称的教师性生活满意度最差,高心理健康水平的教师婚姻质量也是满意的;性生活、经济条件这两个方面的问题是出现抑郁情绪的主要原因,而抑郁情绪又对自己的婚姻质量进行负性评价。因此,影响教师婚姻质量的因子主要是心理健康水平、夫妻关系的适应性、婚姻的评价及外部的客观条件性这四个因素。
AIM： To analyze the marital quality and influential factors in the teachers. METHODS： Married teachers from 2 universities, 3 high schools, 4 middle schools and 3 primary schools of Henan province were selected as investigational subjects by stratified selection. Totally 600 questionnaires were sent out, and 504 qualified questionnaires were retrieved. Married qualify was assessed with 0LSON marriage quality scale （totally 12 factors, 1-5 grades in each item; the higher score indicated good marriage quality）. Symptom was evaluated with symptom checklist -90 （SCL-90） （totally 10 factors, 0-4 grades; the higher score indicated good mental status）. Depressed condition was evaluated with Self-Rating Depression Scale （totally 20 items, 1-4 grades; the higher score indicated severe degression）. RESULTS： ①Marital quality of teachers in different type school： The total mark of marital quality of the teachers in high school, middle school and primary school was higher than teachers in university. Among them, the mark of teachers in middle school was higher obviously than the teachers in university. There were differences between them （P 〈 0.05）. Total mark of SCL-90 of teachers in the university was higher than that in the high school, middle school and primary school. Mental problems mainly occurred in over-ideal, solving collision, economic arrangement, sex life, relationship with relatives, equal role and coincident faith. ②Marital quality of teachers between different sexes： The marital quality of. males was lower obviously than females （t=-3.841 ,P 〈 0.05）. ③Result of regression analysis： Sex life economic arrangement entered equation, and became the two important factors influencing teachers＇ mental health. ④Result of factor analysis： The character value of four factors was bigger one, which explained the 69.843% of total square difference. ⑤Result of system clustering analysis： The first factor （mental health） and the fourth factor （objective condition） were the same type. The third factor （adaptability between husband and wife） and the evaluation of marriage were the same type. CONCLUSION： The score of university＇ teacher is lower than teachers in middle school and primary schools. The marital quality of male teachers is low, but the satisfaction level of female teachers is higher then that of male teachers. The satisfaction level of sexual life of teachers with high position is the worst. The marital quality of teachers with high mental health is good. Sex life and economic condition are two main factors inducing depressed emotion, which will have negative evaluation on one＇s marital quality. Therefore, the factors of influencing the marital quality of teachers are the level of mental health, adaptability between husband and wife and evaluation of the marriage and outer objective conditions.
出处
《中国临床康复》
CSCD
北大核心
2006年第34期56-61,共6页
Chinese Journal of Clinical Rehabilitation
基金
河南省教育厅"十五"2004教育科学规划课题(2005138)~~
