摘要
目的了解宣威市麻疹流行规律，预测流行趋势，制定防制对策，降低发病率。方法对宣威市1952～2004年麻疹发病情况进行流行病学分析。结果通过市、乡、村三级卫生防疫人员的努力，计划免疫规划的实施，冷链系统的建立和完善，建立了有效的免疫屏障，麻疹发病率及死亡率已大幅度下降，发病率从2254．94／10万（1965年）降到0．09／10万（1988年），死亡率从5．24／10万（1957年）降至0（1987年），计划免疫后，年平均发病率比未接种麻疹疫苗时下降了97．56％，接种率与发病率呈高度负相关（r=-0．91，P〈0．01）。1990～2004年麻疹病例中，74．08％无免疫史，未接种和未及时加强接种MV为发病的主要原因。计划免疫前后相比，流行强度降低，削平了季节高峰。1978～2004年进行了4次监测，结果阳性率为88．8％～100％。结论实施计划免疫对控制麻疹疫情效果显著。加强监测，保持MV高水平的常规免疫，并适时开展适龄儿童的强化免疫，建立巩固的免疫屏障，是加速控制麻疹的关键。
Objective To study the epidemiological characteristics of measles in Xuanwei city in order to forecast its epidemic trend, establish interventions and reduce its incidence rate. Methods The epidemic situation of measles during 1952 -2004 were analyzed. Results The mortality of measles and the incidence rate of measles were remarkably declined. After implementing EPI, the incidence rate decreased from 2 254.91/100 000 to 0.09/100 000, and the mortality reduced from 5.24/100 000 in 1957 to 0 in 1987. The annual average incidence of measles reduced by 97.56%. The vaccination rate and the incidence of measles was negative correlated （ r = - 0.91, P 〈0.01 ）. In the cases of measles from 1990 to 2004, 74.08 % had no immunization. Before and after EPI work the spread of measles decreased and the seasonly regular measles incidence greatly declined. The measles neutralization antibody positive rate was 88.8 % - 100 %, with the surveys from 1978 to 2004. Conclusions EPI work had remarkable effect on control measles. Strengthening surveillance and maintaining high level of regular immunization was key to control measles.
出处
《疾病控制杂志》
2006年第4期392-394,共3页
Chinese Journal of Disease Control and Prevention
关键词
麻疹
流行病学
感染控制
Measles
Epidemiology
Infection control
