摘要
目的了解非发酵革兰阴性杆菌引起医院感染的特点以及对抗生素耐药性的变化趋势。方法对2001-2004年分离出的1426株非发酵革兰阴性杆菌选用19种抗生素进行药敏实验,按NCCLS标准判断。结果铜绿假单胞菌、鲍曼不动杆菌和嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌在总体分离菌中分别占13%、7%和4%。1426株非发酵革兰阴性杆菌主要来源于痰标本。铜绿假单胞菌2001-2003年对哌拉西林、哌拉西林/他唑巴坦、庆大霉素、阿米卡星、头孢吡肟、氨曲南、头孢他啶耐药率呈下降趋势,但2003-2004年除对氨曲南、头孢他啶的耐药率保持稳定外,对上述其他几种抗生素的耐药率均上升,对亚胺培南、美罗增南耐药率呈逐年下降趋势;鲍曼不动杆菌对氨苄西林/舒巴坦、亚胺培南以及美罗增南的耐药率较低;嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌对复方新诺明、环丙沙星和氯霉素的耐药率较低。结论了解非发酵革兰阴性杆菌的耐药现状,有利于为临床合理用药提供依据。
Objective To explore the trend on hospital infection leaded by nonfermenters gram negative bacilli and the resistance to antibiotics of nonfermenters gram negative bacilli. Methods Drug-resistance test was performed on 1426strains of nonfermenters gram negative bacilli by using 19 kinds of ordinary antibiotics with drug Sensitive experiment based on the standard of the NCCLS from 2001 to 2004. Results The isolated rates of Pseudomonas aernginose, Acinetobacter baumannii and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia were 13% ,7% and 4% respectively. Most of 1426 strains were isolated from sputum（69% ）. The resistance rates of piperacillin, piperacillin/tazobaetam,Gentamicin,Amikacin,Cefepime,Aztreonam and Ceftazidime to Pseudomonas aeruginosa appeared decreasing trend from 2001 to 2003, but they appeared increasing trend in 2004 except those of Aztreonam and Ceftazidime. the resistance rateds of Imipenem and Meropenem to Pseudemonas aeruginosa appeared decreasing trend. The resistance rates of Ampicillin/Sullbactam, Imipenem and Meropenem to Acinetobacter bamnannii were lower than those of the other antibiotics. The resistance rates of ciprdloxacin,Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and chloramphenical to Stenotrophomonas maltophilia were lower than those of the other antibiotics. Conclusion The status of resistance of nonfermenters gram negative bacilli must be investigated, in order to provide evidence for clinical rational drug utilization.
出处
《中国实验诊断学》
2006年第7期701-704,共4页
Chinese Journal of Laboratory Diagnosis
关键词
非发酵革兰阴性杆菌
耐药性
医院感染
药敏实验
nonfermenters gram negative bacilli
resistance
hospital infection
drug sensitive experiment
