摘要
为了探讨农民自我保护意识和能力在预防农药中毒对策中的作用，采用自编的系列科普材料，对调查点的农民进行了安全使用农药知识的培训。为评定培训效果，设计了知识评估和中毒率评估２个指标，前者由３２８６名培训对象组成，采用自身配对法，后者为１０个试点村的培训对象，进行培训前、后２年农药中毒发生率调查。结果表明，经培训的３２８６名农民对农药毒性分级和安全使用农药知识的了解比培训前有显著提高，懂得正确施药操作规程的人由培训前的３６．１％提高到８９．０％，掌握正确个人防护措施的人由培训前的５１．７％提高到８９．６％等。培训后的１２０２名施药员农药中毒发生率由培训前（１２２６名施药员）的１．０５％降至０．２５％。说明对农民进行科学、合理、安全使用农药的知识教育，是扭转农民缺乏自我保护意识，改变不良施药行为，降低中毒发生率的有效措施。
hispaperoutlinestheresultsofasafetyeducationalprogrammeforpreventionofpesticidepoi-soningofspraymeninChina.Theprogrammeconsistedoftwoparts.Onewasaninterviewof3286trainedsubjectswhoweresurveyedbothbeforeandaftertheeducationcoursesinJuneandAugust1992respectively.Theotheronewasasurveyontheprevalenceofpesticidepoisoningofspraymenin10vil-lagesin1991and1992respectively.Theresultsshowedthatimprovementintheknowledgeofpesticidetoxicitiesandsafeuseofpesticideshasbeenfoundinthesurveyedsubjects.Forinstance,therateofcor-rectanswerincreasedfrom15.3%pre-educationto26.1%post-education(P<0.01)fortoxicityofpesticides,from71.6%to97.4%formethodsofpreparationofpesticides,from36.1%to89.0%forcorrectpracticeofspraying(withthewind,byeveryotherrow,duringwalkingback),from51.7%to89.6%forappropriatewearingduringspraying(longsleeves,trousers,socksandshoe,andsoon.Theprevalenceofpesticidepoisoningforsurveyedspraymenwasreducedfrom1.05%in1991to0.25%in1992.Inthemeantime,a68.2%ofreductionofnumberofpatientsofpesticidepoisoningwasshownin10vilagesin1992(7cases)thanthosein1991(22cases).Thissuccessfulsafetyeducationalprogrammedemonstratedthateducationprocessisanefectivemeasureforpreventingpesticidepoisoning.
出处
《中华劳动卫生职业病杂志》
CAS
CSCD
1996年第6期351-354,共4页
Chinese Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Diseases
关键词
健康教育
农药中毒
预防
SafetyeducationPesticidepoisoning
