摘要
根据对进城农民工和原城镇居民的问卷调查和统计分析,可探讨农民工在城镇社会的融合度和面临的挑战。在农村城市化和农民市民化进程不断加速的沿海城市(如浙江),进城农民工与原城镇居民的融合状况总体良好,但也面临重大挑战;城市居民主要通过报纸和电视新闻等媒体了解农民工,新闻媒体对城市居民的态度有着重要的影响,媒体引导城市居民认识农民工任重道远;城市内部形成的“新的二元社会结构”是阻碍城市和谐社会构建的主要制度因素,因此,推进城乡一体化改革,赋予农民真正的国民待遇,将是促使进城农民融入城镇社会,实现与原市民和谐相处的制度保障。
This paper studies the incorporation of migrant workers in the Chinese urban society and the challenges they face through questionnaire surveys on migrant workers and urban residents and corresponding statistical analysis. The authors argue that in Zhejiang Province, with its fast growing rural urbanization, there is a good amalgamation in the numbers of migrant workers and urban residents. Most migrant workers are satisfied with their lives in the cities, having strong desires to be incorporated into city life. 73.61% of migrant workers want to have more interactions with the local urban residents; 67.31% want to be recognized as part of the city; a little over 10% think they＇re not incorporated into the urban society at all. Psychologically, urban residents understand migrant workers rather than discriminate against them. In reality, however, they don＇t really want to have interactions with them. Urban residents get to know migrant workers mainly through newspapers and TV programs. The mass media has important influences on the attitudes of the urban residents. It therefore has an important task to help the urban residents understand migrant workers. The mass media should give more publicity to the migrant workers＇ new images and their great contributions to the urban construction. It has a lot to do in strengthening urban residents＇ positive impressions of migrant workers. The ＂new dual social structure＂ formed in the cities is a key institutional factor inhibiting the construction of a harmonious urban society. There are distinct differences between ＂migrant workers＂ and ＂urban residents＂. Although migrant workers are workers in urban industries, their retained identity as peasants from the country makes them suffer from serious and unfair treatment in terms of allocation （wages） and reallocation （social securities）. They are marginalized, a vulnerable group unsecured in the cities. Therefore, promoting the integrated urban-rural reforms and entitling peasants to equal treatment with urban residents is an institutional guarantee for promoting the incorporation of migrant workers into the urban society and achieving a harmonious relationship between migrant workers and urban residents. The key solution is to have both urban and rural residents entitled to equal rights, obligations and development opportunities. That is to say, urban and rural residents should equally enjoy rights of property, education, employment, social securities, social welfare and individual development, and equally shoulder the compulsory obligations stipulated by laws and regulations. Urban and rural economic entities should equally enjoy such development opportunities as admission to certain industries and credit services, and equally shoulder such social obligations as taxes and labor insurances.
出处
《浙江大学学报（人文社会科学版）》
CSSCI
2006年第4期115-121,共7页
Journal of Zhejiang University:Humanities and Social Sciences
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(70473078)
浙江省社会科学规划重大招标课题资助项目(05ZDZB05A)
关键词
进城农民工
融合度
新二元社会结构
migrant workers in cities
incorporation degree
neo-dual social structure
