摘要
本文采用染色体分带技术（Ｇ－，Ｃ－带和银染色），对中华姬鼠（Ａｐｏｄｅｍｕｓｄｒａｃｏ）、大林姬鼠（Ａ．ｐｅｎｉｎｓｕｌａｅ）和大耳姬鼠（Ａ．ｌａｔｒｏｎｕｍ）的核型进行了观察分析。结果表明：３种姬鼠的２ｎ均为４８。中华姬鼠的染色体均为端着丝点染色体。大林姬鼠的常规核型中，除１对中着丝点染色体（Ｎｏ．２３）外，其余均为端着丝点染色体。大耳姬鼠的核型中，有１３对端着丝点染色体，２对亚端着丝点染色体，１对亚中着丝点染色体和７对中着丝点染色体。中华姬鼠Ｃ－带核型中，所有染色体着丝点Ｃ－带都呈强阳性，异染色质非常丰富，Ｙ染色体整条深染。在大林姬鼠Ｃ－带核型中，Ｎｏｓ．７，１１，１５，２１，２２着丝点Ｃ－带弱化甚至近阴性，其余染色体着丝点异染色质Ｃ－带都呈现程度不同的阳性。且Ｎｏｓ．２，４，７有强弱不同的端位异染色质带。Ｘ染色体着丝点区有大块的异染色质斑带出现，Ｙ染色体整条深染。大耳姬鼠除Ｎｏｓ．３，４，１０，１２，１３染色体着丝点Ｃ－带很弱外，其余染色体着丝点Ｃ－带均呈阳性，并有８对（Ｎｏｓ．１６－２３）染色体出现异染色质短臂。从总体上看，大林姬鼠和大耳姬鼠的着丝点异染色质明显比中华姬鼠的少。中华姬鼠的Ａｇ－ＮＯＲ?
The karyotypes of three species of wood mice have been studied by banding techniques(G-, C- and Ag-staining). Three species have the same diploid number, 2n=48. Allchromosomes in the complement of A. draco are acrocentrics. The karyotype of A.peninsulae consists of 22 pairs of acrocentrics, 1 pair of metacentrics, X and Y areacrocentrics. However, the karyotype of A. latronum consists of 13 pairs of acroentrics, 2pair of subacrocentrics, 1 pair of submetacentric, 7 pairs of metacentrics, X chromosome isa acrocentric.The G-banded, C-banded and silver-stained karyotypes have been observed. G-banding allows to identify all chromosome pairs in three species. C-banding reveals centromericheterochromatin in all chromosomes in A. draco. In the C-banded karyotype of A.peninsulae, the centromeric heterochromatin is found in all chromosomes, however, thecentromeric C-bands of Nos.7, 11, 15, 21, 22 are very faultly stained even negative,there are also telomeric C-bands in Nos.2, 4, 7. The Y chromosomes of A. draco and A.peninsulae are whole heterochromatin. The centromeric C-bands of all chromosomes are positive in the C-banded karyotype of A. latronum, but the centromeric C-bands in Nos.3,4, 10, 12, 13 are very faultly stained. Ag-NORs are predominantly located at Nos.7, 8,18, 21, 22 in A. draco. While Ag-NORs are found in Nos.7, 8 in A. peninsulae and A.latronum, respectively. The polymorphism of Ag-NORs of No.22 (in A. draco) and No.7 (inA. peninsulae and A. latronum) is found. Moreover, the classification of three species has also been discussed.
基金
云南省科委应用基础研究基金
关键词
姬鼠
染色体
啮齿目
Apodemus, Conventional karyotypes, Banding patterns of chromosomes
