摘要
目的：探究发令枪声对田径裁判员（发令员）听力的影响；测定、研究田径裁判员在发令时发令枪枪口和耳部的噪声特性。方法：采用调查、耳部常规检查、纯音测听（pure tone audiometry，PTA）及脑干听觉诱发电位（brainstem auditory evoked potentials，BAEP）对20名体育学院学生（40耳）和10名从事发令工作的高校教师（20耳）在发令（瞬时强噪声）前后的不同时段（发令前、发令后3h及8d）进行听力学测试分析和听觉功能检查。结果：在158～156dB（Lp）的噪声强度下，发令后3h纯语音平均听阈（Pure tone average，PTA）、高语音平均听阈（High pure tone average，HPTA）和BAEP的Ⅰ波潜伏期分别为左耳25．08±12．70dB，右耳28．62±10．52dB；左耳36．4l±14．87dB，右耳41．33±15．15dB和左耳1．93±0．16ms，右耳1．99±0．19ms。均明显高于发令前（P〈0．01）。8d后则恢复至接近发令前的水平。经常从事发令工作的教师听力水平与正常听力有较大的差异（P〈0．01）。结论：对于初次接触发令枪高强度噪声者，可造成耳部毛细胞的可逆性恢复损伤及“暂时性听阚位移”（temporary threshold shift，TTs）。在没有佩戴任何减噪装置情况下长时间发令，可导致田径裁判员（发令员）病理性永久性听阈位移（perpetui tythreshold shift，PTS）。
The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of sound from starting gun on hearing loss of starter. The noisy characteristic between gunpoint and ear of starter was tested when firing. Through using the method of investigation,hearing routine examination,pure tone audiometry and brainstem auditory evoked potentials,twenty students from sport college and ten college teachers who do starting judge as research subjects. At the different stage before and after firing ,audition and hearing function of subjects was tested. The result showed that at the noisy intensity between 158- 156dB, the average threshold of pure tone audiometry, high pure tone and brainstem auditory evoked potentials was 25.08±12.70dB （L） ,28. 62±10. 52dB（R）, 36.41±14.87dB （L） and 41.33±15.15dB（R） respectively three hours after firing. There was big difference between hearing level and normal audition of college students who regularly do starting judge. It concluded that instant strong sound made by stating gun could cause ear reversible recovery hurt and temporary threshold shift for the first judge.
出处
《体育科学》
CSSCI
北大核心
2006年第6期62-66,78,共6页
China Sport Science
