摘要
本研究表明蔗茅（Ｅｒｉａｎｔｈｕｓｒｕｆｉｐｉｌｕｓ）在我国分布于滇、黔、川、藏、桂、陕、甘、鄂８省（区）海拔４８０－２８００米的区域。其体细胞染色体数目为２Ｎ＝２０，不同区域的无性系２Ｎ数目未发现变异，但减数分裂染色体配对构型略有差异．蔗茅茎秆的锤度普遍较高，最高可达２２％，但种群内变异较大，即使同一野生群落内也有明显差异。蔗茅同一个体不同小穗内的花药数目变异较大，总体变化在０—３枚之间。蔗茅的高锤度、花药数目的易变性及染色体数目的稳定性表明：蔗茅在甘蔗起源和进化上具有一定的重要性，在甘蔗育种的基础研究上应给予重视。，达极显著水平。表２列出了１４个蔗茅无性系的花药数目的小穗百分率。总体而言，可按百分率把蔗茅的花药数目变异为４类：（１）以３花药小穗为主，同时出现２花药和单花药的小穗，西藏、四川和陕西都有这类无性系出现，共有６个无性系。（２）以单花药小穗为主，同时出现３花药、２花药和无花药小穗，共有５个无性系，原产于云南和西藏。（３）以２花药小穗为主，同时出现３花药和单花药小穗；共２有个无性系，原产于四川和云南。（４）３花药、２花药、单花药小穗百分率基本相等，只见于陕西的一个无性系中。从地理上看，云南和西藏的?
This paper indicates that Erianthus rufipilus naturally distribute in the areas of 480-2800 meter-high above sea level in Yunnan , Guizhou, Sichuan, Tibet, Guangxi,Gansu and Hubei provinces. All clones of the species have 2n=20 chromosome number without any variation, but there are some differences in configuration of chromosome pairing at metaphaxe/diakinesis of meioses among clones from different localities. E. rufipilus clones with hish Brix of stalk juice are often found, the highest one reach 22% (Bx). However, the variation of Brix is significant in the natural population, even in a very small wild group.The anther number within single spikelet showed obvious variation in the whole population (from 0 to 3 anthers ) and among spikelets of sinsle clone as well. The research results reveal that E. rufipilus might have played an importane role in the origin and evolution of genus Saccharum, to which an attention should be paid for the basic research of sugarcane breeding.
基金
云南省科委国际科技合作资助
关键词
甘蔗
蔗茅
染色体
花药
锤度
sugarcane
Erianthus
chromosome
anther
Brix
