摘要
1BL/1RS易位在世界小麦品种中广泛分布,在世界小麦育种特别是在中国小麦育种中占有重要地位。通过种间特定的染色体易位和替换,黑麦(SecalecerealeL.)染色体1R的短臂(1RS)已存在于大量普通小麦(TriticumaestivumL)的染色体组中,许多对农艺性状具有重要作用的基因和抗性基因由此从黑麦转入小麦基因组中。1RS主要用于转移抗真菌病害的基因,尤其是抗锈病、白粉病的基因(Yr9、Lr26、Sr31、Pm8),1BL/1RS能增加小麦根系的生物量,并可提高小麦籽粒产量和蛋白质含量。然而,由于1RS替换了1BS,造成了1BS上重要基因位点Glu-3、Gli-1的丢失和1RS上Sec-1位点的引入。Sec-1编码的γ-黑麦碱、ω-黑麦碱不能补偿Glu-3、Gli-1编码的低分子量麦谷蛋白和γ-醇溶蛋白、ω-醇溶蛋白的品质效应,引起小麦的麦谷蛋白聚合物结构的改变和数量的减少。因此,1BL/1RS易位小麦面粉的烘烤加工品质较差,从而降低了1RS易位系小麦的利用价值。另一方面1BL/1RS易位小麦面粉的可溶性纤维含量高于一般小麦,对人体有益,因此利用不含黑麦碱的改良1BL/1RS新易位来替换中国小麦品种中普遍存在的1BL/1RS易位,既可保持1BL/1RS易位系的优点又能改善其烘烤加工品质,这为提高1BL/1RS易位小麦的品质提供了新的途径。1RS片段能与异源细胞质互作导致雄性不育,这可用于小麦的杂种优势利用。本文主要阐述1BL/IRS易位的特征、检测方法、地理分布、在小麦育种中的应用以及给小麦品质带来的影响,并探讨了解决其负面影响的策略。
1BL/1RS chromosomal translocation is widely distributed in wheat varieties. It plays a very important role in the world wheat breeding program,especially in China. Mainly through the production of interspecific chromosomal translocation and substitution lines, the short arm of chromosome 1R of rye （IRS） has resided in the genome of a number of wheat breeding lines and cultivars. In this way,many resistance genes and genes of agromonic importance have been transferred from rye（Secale cereale L. ）to common wheat（Triticum aestivum L） . 1RS has been use to transfer resistance genes against fungal pathogens, especially rust and powdery mildew （Yr 9, Lr26, Sr31, Pro8）. 1BL/1 RS enhances root biomass,the grain yield and protein content. The replacement of 1BS by 1RS leads to the lost of γ-Gliadin,w-Gliadin arising from Gli-1 loci and LMW-GS arising from Glu-3 loci. The γ-Secalin,w-Secalin arising from Sec-1 loci could not compensate for the lost proteins, leading to the change in.protein composition and a measurable decrease in the amount of polymeric Glutenin protein. The defects of processing and baking quality of wheat restricts the commercial use of the wheat containing the 1BL/1RS translocation. However,The innovative raplacing of the 1BL/1RS tranclocation widesprcaded in the genetic background of Chinese wheat with the 1BL/1RS translocation knocked out of the Sec-1 loci may serves as an innovative way to improve the wheat quality. In addition, the interaction of cytoplasm-lRS fragment leads to the male sterility and induces haploids at some rate. This ar tiele described the characterization, identification of 1BL/1RS translocation, application of wheat-rye translocation in wheat breeding, its distribution, negative impact, and the methods developed to solve the problem.
出处
《麦类作物学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2006年第3期152-158,共7页
Journal of Triticeae Crops
基金
科技部"863"重大专项(2002AA207004)
中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目(KSCX2-SW-304)。
