摘要
关于禁止人的生殖性克隆国际国内已有基本的共识。对人类胚胎干细胞的研究伦理,就我国目前的情况看,需要确定的是如何将《人胚胎干细胞研究伦理指导原则》中的相关研究伦理原则真正得以落实。对胚胎干细胞研究中诸如,胚胎的四个来源、胚胎的时间期限等基本伦理问题,国内讨论得并不很充分。国际学术界对我国的上述规定也经常提出异议。为此本文对“胚胎的道德地位”尝试进行讨论,认为在我国人工流产较多、胚胎干细胞的研究状况纷乱、国人或科学家很少思考“胚胎的道德地位”的国情下,讨论这一胚胎研究中的基本伦理问题将有助于《人胚胎干细胞研究伦理指导原则》的执行。
In January 2004, the long expected written regulation of Guidelines for research on human embryonic stem cells＇ was jointly released by the Ministry of Science and Technology and the Ministry of Health, Beijing, China. In Ethical Guidelines for Research on Human Embryonic Stem Cells＇, The Article 5 say： The human embryonic stem cell used for research can derived from ① spared gamete or blastula remaining after In Vitro Fertilization （IVF） ; ②fetal cells ＇after natural or voluntarily selective abortion③blastula or monosexual split blastula by somatic cell nucleus transfer technique; ④germ cells voluntarily donated; The Article 6 say： any blastula obtained by IVF, somatic cell nucleus transfer technique, mono - sexual reproduction technique or genetic modification cannot be cultured in ex vivo for longer than 14 days, since fertilization or nucleus transfer. Such supporting to the embryo researched gotten by the somatic cell nucleus transfer technique, and supporting the human embryonic stem cell research under the condition of the embryo researched within 14 days, is meeting the objections from native country and some foreign countries. In my paper, I argued that an embryo within 14 days is not a person, an embryo is only a human biological life, a human embryo has a certain value, it deserves due to respect, but if there are enough reasons, it can be used. Destructive embryo research should only be approved in exceptional circumstances. To the blastulas or mono - sexual split blastulas by somatic cell nucleus transfer technique, this is an Ethical issue of creating embryos for research. The majority of bioethicists said it is wrong to create and destroy a person for research. I argued that the Moral Status of Researched Human Embryo is not a person, so, Kant＇theory is no used here. I further claimed that a 14 days old embryo could be used for research. I quoted a major view of the moral status of the embryo/fetus from the medical science. A 14 days old embryo is a cluster of cells without bones, organs of other traits; they have a consciousness around 20 weeks, so a 14 days old embryo cannot be hurt.
出处
《中国医学伦理学》
2006年第2期6-10,共5页
Chinese Medical Ethics
关键词
胚胎研究
道德地位
伦理问题
Human embryo
embryo research
Moral Status
ethics
