摘要
目的 对重症监护（ICU）病区细菌感染的标本分布和药物敏感试验进行分析，为临床合理使用抗菌药物提供依据。方法 送检标本接种到相应培养基上，37℃孵箱培养18～24h，分离、鉴定菌种；用法国Bio-Merieux公司的VITEK-60全自动细菌鉴定仪鉴定细菌；采用K—B单片琼脂扩散法做药敏试验；数据分析用WHONET5．0分析软件。结果 获得细菌356株，其中革兰阴性杆菌200株，革兰阳性球菌156株，标本分布则以痰、体液、分泌物、胆汁常见。结论 重症监护病区患者的感染以呼吸道为主，病原菌仍然以革兰阴性杆菌为主；产超广谱争内酰胺酶（ESBLs）株有明显上升的趋势，亚胺培南、哌拉西林／他唑巴坦、头孢哌酮／舒巴坦可作为该菌的首选药，定期对ICU病区进行细菌流行学调查和实行严格的医院感染控制极有必要。
OBJECTIVE To study the distribution of samples of bacterial infection in intensive care unit （ICU） and detect their antimicrobial susceptibility, in order to use the antibiotics in clinic rationally. METHODS To add the samples attained into culture medium, keep in 37℃ for 18-24 h, and isolate them. Bacteria were identified by the automated analyzer VITEK-60 made by Bio-Merieux Company in France, the antibacterial susceptibility was detected by the K-B single agar diffusion method. All data were processed with the help of WHONET 5.0 system. RESULTS Of the 356 isolates （only one was counted when more than one same isolates were extracted from the same patient）, 200 were Gram-negative bacilli, 156 were Gram-positive cocci. The order from most to less was as follows： Staphylococcus aureus , Pseudomonas aeruginosa , coagulase negative Staphylococcus, Escherichia coli , Acinetobacter spp, Klebsiella pneumoniae, etc. The samples were usually sputum, body fluid, secretion, bile, etc. CONCLUSIONS The patients in ICU are mostly infective through respiratory tract, with predominant Gramnegative bacteria. The ESBLs tend to increase. The first-choice drugs are imipenem, piperacillin/tazobactam, cefoperazone/sulbactam for them. The first choice drugs for MRSA are vancomycin and teicoplanin. So it is urgent to investigate the epidemiology of the bacteria and control the nosocomial infection.
出处
《中华医院感染学杂志》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2006年第3期300-302,共3页
Chinese Journal of Nosocomiology
