摘要
明清时代的海洋政策,无论是严禁还是开海,无论是四口通商还是一口通商,指导思想上尽量限制民间航海力量与海外的交往。具体措置是,极力控制民间贸易的规模和实力,对于商民出海不但不予鼓励和扶持,反而采取各种措施予以限制。对于东亚海域的庞大市场,始终没有予以应有的重视,不是广开利源大力发展贸易,而是不计经济税收之得失,寓种种限制于对外商品流通之中。中国民间海外贸易势力始终得不到正常的发展,民间海上力量也就难以与有着国家强大支持的西方殖民航海势力相竞争。
The purpose of the imperial marine policy in the Ming and Qing dynasties, whether forbade or allowed the people to voyage overseas, whether opened up to four ports or opened up to only one port for commercial trade, is to restrict the communication between the people and the overseas as much as possible. The specific measures of this policy included controlling the scale and power of the people＇s commercial trade and limiting the merchants＇ trade, rather than to encourage and help them. The Chinese rulers never paid enough attention to the large market along the East Asian coast, which would have brought great economic benefits. In order to confine the circulation of commodities between China and other countries, they ignored this potentially large source of revenue. Therefore, the merchants pursuing external trades through the marine transportation could not develop successfully, which resulted in the fact that the people＇s naval force in China was too weak to confront the strong Western navy supported by their nation-states.
出处
《学术月刊》
CSSCI
北大核心
2006年第3期138-144,共7页
Academic Monthly
关键词
郑和下西洋
海洋政策
民间海洋事业
明清时期
Zheng He＇s Voyages to the West, Marine Policy, the People＇s Marine Career
