摘要
委内瑞拉是一个历史悠久的石油生产国。 2 0世纪 90年代以来委内瑞拉政府为了振兴石油工业、恢复经济 ,逐步修改和制定了一系列的石油政策 ,积极推行石油工业的对外合作 ,其合作方式包括 :重油带的合作开发 ;新区的风险勘探、利润分成 ;边际油田的二次开发 ;天然气开放计划 ;下游部门的国际化。一系列的石油开放举措在油气产量增长等方面颇有成效。但 2 0 0 2年的全国性大罢工使该国的石油业连遭重创 ,石油工业的投资环境有所恶化 ,尽管大罢工已经得到平息 ,查韦斯继续执政 ,但是严重不足的投资、粗糙的能源管理模式使得委石油发展前景变得扑朔迷离。如何进一步解除政策束缚 ,加大对外开发力度 ,保证社会局势的稳定成为委内瑞拉实现未来 1 0年发展规划目标 ,促进石油工业对外开放的关键。
Venezuela is a petroleum producing country enjoying a long history. Since the 1990＇ s, Venezuela has gradually amended and formulated a series of petroleum policies, actively pursued cooperation with foreign countries in petroleum industry, in order to develop petroleum industry and resume economy. Its ways of cooperation include： cooperative development of heavy oil region, risk exploration and profit divide, redevelopment of marginal oil fields, plan of opening natural gas, and internalization of downstream departments. These measures have been proved effective for increase of oil and gas output. However, the devastating anti-government nationwide strike in 2002 inflicted great loss on its petroleum industry, and deteriorated the petroleum investment environment. Though the strike has been appeased, and Charvis is still in the power, the inadequate investment and rough management mode made the development prospect of Venezuela＇ s petroleum industry complicated and confusing. How to further relieve from the tie of policy, enhance opening to the outside world, and ensure social security and stability have become the key factors for Venezuela to realize the coming 10 years＇ programming, and promote the opening-up of petroleum industry.
出处
《石油化工技术经济》
2005年第1期14-19,共6页
Techno-Economics in Petrochemicals
