摘要
本文首次报导了318名庥坊工人中棉尘症的分布,另选不接触麻尘者301名为对照组,调查包括规范的询问、测定肺功能和车间总尘和可吸入尘浓度。总尘浓度波动于0.71～8.98mg/M^3,可吸入尘浓度较低,为0.096～1.67mg/M^3。棉尘症患病率为10.05％,慢性支气管炎为21.55％,其他鼻炎、慢性喉炎、肺气肿和哮喘患病率均1％左右。肺功能测定结果发现:接触麻尘者的肺功能受到不同程度的影响,棉尘症组和非棉尘症组比较,有重度慢性改变(FEV_1占预计值<60％)者分别为14.28％和2.23％,两组有严重急性改变者(一工作班FEV_1下降值占工前的20％以上)分别为85.71％和3.83％,均有非常显著的差异。随接触麻尘年数的增加,棉尘症患病率、胸闷出现率、和肺功能急、慢性改变者的百分率也呈相应增加。以男工资料统计分析,显示出吸烟和棉尘症、慢支以及胸闷症状有十分密切的关系。吸烟和棉尘症患病率为11.22％,不吸烟组为4.35％,两组相差未达显著水平,然相对危险度高(为2.78);两组胸闷出现率(45.92和26.08％)和两组慢支患组病率(43.8711.59％)均有非常显著的差别。根据上述结果,作者提出了棉尘症规范性调查的重要性,并以棉尘症发病机理,探讨了吸烟与棉尘症、胸闷等典型症状的关系,以事实说明了对不吸烟宣传教育的迫切性和重要性。
The distribution of byssinosis among 348 jute workers was reported for the first time in Guangzhou, China, 304 attendants of department stores were selected as Control group. A standardized questionnaire and spirometic tests were carried out to all subjects of there two grops. Besides total dust, inhalable dust was examined in different main workshops by vertical elutriator,The results were found that the concentrations of total dust in different workshops ranged from 0.71 to 8.98mg/M^3 The concentrations of inhalable dust were found to be 0.096-1.67 and lower than those of the total dust, The prevalence rate of byssinosis in exposed jute workers was 10.01％. The prevalence of chronic bronchitis was 21.55％, as to the rates of other respiratory diseases, such as rhinitis, chronic laryngitis, emphysema and asthma were about 1％. The prevalence of byssinosis, the percentages of chest tightness and acute and chronic lurig function damage increase with the years of exposure to jute dust. From the data of male workers, there was a close relationship between smoking and the prevalence of byssinosis, chronic bronchitis as well as the typical symptom of byssinosis—chest tightness. According to the results mentioned above, the author indicated that the standardized study of byssinosis is important in our country; the effects of smoking to byssinosis and other respiratory diseases should be studied further; the propaganda and education against smoking is a very important and urgent problem.
出处
《暨南大学学报（自然科学与医学版）》
CAS
CSCD
1989年第4期67-74,共8页
Journal of Jinan University(Natural Science & Medicine Edition)
