摘要
利用全国1961～2004年134个台站的探空温度资料,对我国各高度层温度变化趋势进行了初步分析,并对比讨论了与地面气温变化的关系.结果表明,自从20世纪60年代初以来,我国对流层温度变化呈微弱减少趋势,整体温度下降速率为-0.06℃/10 a;对流层中下层温度表现出微弱增加,增温速率为0.05℃/10 a,比同期地面气温增暖趋势弱得多.1961年以来,我国对流层上层和平流层底层年平均温度均呈现明显下降趋势,变化速率分别为-0.17℃/10 a和-0.22℃/10 a.近25年来中国对流层中下层的温度呈现明显上升,增温速率达到o.25℃/10 a,与地面气温变化趋势更为接近.我国高空和地面温度变化结构的这一特点与全球或北半球平均情况大体相似.但是,20世纪60年代初以来对流层中下层与地面气温变化趋势的明显差别,以及最近20多年对流层中下层与地面的同步增温,仍然需要给出合理的解释.
China owns a dense and relatively reliable observation network of free atmospheric temperature, which consists of 134 stations across the country. Using this set of data, we analyzed variation of temperature of the period 1961-2004 for mid-to lower layer of troposphere （850 400 hPa）, upper layer of troposphere （300-150 hPa）, and lower layer of stratosphere （100-50 hPa）, and compared them with the observed change of surface air temperature during the same period. The result shows that no significant change in tropospheric temperature had occurred since 1961, but the temperature at lower stratosphere had decreased obviously. Rates of change of temperature at midto lower troposphere, upper troposphere and lower stratosphere are 0. 05 ℃/10 as -0. 17 ℃/10 a and -0.22 ℃/10 a respectively. The change in tropospheric temperature is much smaller than those reported for the other re gions of the world. For period of 1979-2004, however, the trend of midto lower tropospheric temperature is 0. 25 ℃/10 a, much larger than that for the longer time period, and also larger than those generally reported for global and northern hemispheric average. Problems with data have been discussed, but they could not be too serious. It is therefore concluded that the difference of changes between tropospheric and surface air temperature for period of 1961-2004 is in deed true, and this obviously further complicates the detection and attribution of the regional climate change.
出处
《气候与环境研究》
CSCD
北大核心
2005年第4期780-790,共11页
Climatic and Environmental Research
基金
国家"十五"科技攻关项目课题"全球与中国气候变化的检测和预测"(2001BA611B-01)
关键词
对流层
平流层
温度
气候变化
troposphere, stratosphere, temperature, climate change
