摘要
目的总结我国载人航天航天员主着陆场的医疗卫勤保障的经验,特别是神舟六号两名航天员多天的飞行技术状态的特殊要求,为野战及灾害等特殊环境中的医学应急救援提供参考。方法回顾国内外有关载人航天航天员已经发生的意外伤害资料,结合神舟四号的卫勤保障,神舟五号、六号航天员的医疗保障的经验,针对特殊的野外环境,提出系列的组织、预案、设备配置以及有效的救治方案并在实战中检验。结果针对航天员可能发生意外伤害的医疗救护,创新性地把两个高质量的ICU前移至两架航天医疗救护直升机上,并把可以进行各种抢救和手术的仪器设备设计在航天员运输车上。这三个可快速机动的ICU,可以全天候地在草原上、沙漠里大范围的机动,确保意外情况下航天员的安全。创造了反应速度第一、技术装备第一。航天员意外伤害的医疗救护方案科学、合理、实用,适合野战环境。结论航天员主着陆场区医疗救护的方案、设备配置、营救模式以及组织实施,为野战及灾害等特殊环境中的医学应急救援提供了较为先进的模式。
Objective To report the experience of medical support and health care for the Shenzhou-6 astronauts in the main landing site, with specially emphasis on the flight technical requirements for two astronauts, in order to provide the reference data for medical rescue in the field operations and disasters. Methods The data collected from China and foreign nations associated with accident injuries of astronauts during the space flight, were reviewed retrospectively. Based on the experience in medical supports of Shenzhou-5 and Shenzhou-6 astronauts and the special environments of field operations, we brought forward the first-aid and emergent treatment scheme on the serial organization, prophylactic measurements, equipments and effective implement to be tested in the real situation. Results Two high-quality ICU sets had been transferred into the helicopters for medical first-aid, and an ambulance for astronauts was equipped with the instruments and facilities that will be used in the first-aid and operation according to the possible accident and injuries. The three sets of quick-movable ICU mentioned above could cover the vast areas of both grassland and desert in the landing site to ensure that the astronauts could be rescued if accident occurred. It created the quickest in reaction to emergency and the best in technique and equipment. This scheme of the first-aid for emergency of astronauts is a scientific, reasonable and practical system and meets the need in field operations. Conclusion The first-aid scheme for astronauts in the main landing site, and its equipment collocation, rescue model as well as organizational execution provides an advanced model for medical aid and emergency treatment in field operations, disasters and other special environments.
出处
《中华急诊医学杂志》
CAS
CSCD
2005年第12期973-977,共5页
Chinese Journal of Emergency Medicine
基金
全军"十五"计划科研项目(2004306512)
关键词
神舟六号
航天员
损伤
急救
卫勤保障
Shenzhou-6
Astronaut
Injury
First-aid
Medical support
