摘要
本文根据生态足迹成分法的基本原理和计算模型,计算、分析了沈阳大学、辽宁大学、沈阳工业大学和东北大学2003年的校园生态足迹和生态效率.研究表明:这4所学校的生态足迹分别为17 218 hm2、11 862 hm2、7 612 hm2和24 787 hm2,生态效率分别为0.8人/hm2、1.18人/hm2、2.45人/hm2和0.94人/hm2,即1hm2土地提供的生态资源和服务只能满足培养1个～2个学生的消费需求;能源足迹占总足迹的比重最高,达50%以上,能源中煤炭足迹占80%以上;食物和垃圾足迹分别名列第二和第三;校园建筑面积、学生的经济状况以及学校的专业领域结构和研究强度,对大学校园生态足迹的大小和构成以及生态效率也有不同程度的影响.这一研究定量揭示了高等教育的生态效率及其影响要素,为降低校园生态足迹、提高校园生态效率指明了主要矛盾和应该采取的措施.
The principles and mathematical model of the component method of ecological footprint are introduced and applied to the case studies of university campuses in Shenyang to investigate their ecological efficiencies. The ecological footprints of four universities, Shenyang University （SYU）, Liaoning University （LNU）, Shenyang University of Technology （SUT） and Northeastern University （NEU）, were calculated and analyzed for the year of 2003. Results show that the ecological footprints of SYU, LNU, SUT and NEU are 17 218 hm^2, 11 862 hm^2, 7612hm^2 and 24 787 hm^2, respectively, and the ecological efficiencies are 0.8 cap/hm^2, 1.18 cap/hm^2, 2.45 cap/hm^2 and 0.94 cap/hm^2, respectively. This indicates that 1 hm^2 of natural resources can only support one or two students＇ consumption on campus. The largest component of the ecological footprints of all four universities is the energy footprint. The second and third largest footprint components are from food consumption and waste disposal. It is also found that the area of campus, the income situation of students, and the areas of discipline and intensity of research have significant impacts on the total footprint, the proportions of footprint components, and the eco-efficiency of a university campus. This study reveals, quantitatively, the ecological implications of high education and provides practical and meaningful indicators and methodology for monitoring the sustainability of university campuses. Activities with a purpose of ecological education can be devised based on the method and the parameters presented herein, in which every student and faculty member can participate to calculate and evaluate their own personal ecological footprint and eco-efficiency.
出处
《资源科学》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2005年第6期140-145,共6页
Resources Science
基金
教育部优秀中青年教师基金项目资助(编号:1711)
关键词
生态足迹
大学校园
绿色大学
成分法
Ecological footprint
Component approach
Ecological efficiency
University campuses
