摘要
目的:探讨违法犯罪少年与正常少年个性特征的差异,找出相关影响因素。方法:应用整群抽样的方法在山东大学某教养院中随机抽取违法犯罪男性少年94人(少管组),年龄13～15岁,并在山东大学及市郊抽取中小学生94人作为对照组。监护人同意参加。应用自拟家长问卷进行调查,了解影响调查对象个性的因素。并用艾森克人格问卷,计算出精神质、内外向、神经质、掩饰4个分量表的粗分后,根据手册查出相应的标准分,以标准分:精神质>56.7,神经质>56.7,外向型>56.7,内向型<43.3为界(分数越高,个性偏差越大),统计两组的个性偏差人数。结果:发放问卷188份,收回填写完整、准确问卷188份。按意向处理分析,进入结果分析少管组及对照组各94人。①少管组艾森克个性问卷中精神质和神经质两维度粗分评分明显高于对照组(5.38±2.98,11.09±4.25;3.39±2.27,8.69±6.02,t=5.14,3.15,P<0.01)。②少管组精神质和神经质人数明显多于对照组(43,25;20,6,χ2=12.63,13.34,P<0.01);内向型人数(11/11.7)明显少于对照组(22/23.4,χ2=4.45,P<0.05)。③少管组中缺陷家庭、有精神病家族史、父母离婚、家庭成员有反社会行为、家庭关系紧张、家庭教育缺陷、双亲管教不一致、受教师惩罚、结交朋友有反社会行为诸因素人数均明显高于对照组(P<0.05～0.01)。结论:违法犯罪青少年存在有精神质、神经质人格,不良的家庭环境及父母教育缺陷等是影响人格特征形成的因素。
AIM：To study the differences of personality characteristics between young illegal criminals and normal teenagers, and find out the related influencing factors.METHODS：Ninety-four male illegal criminals （study group） at 13 to 15 years of age,were randomly selected from a penitentiary in Jinan city with the method of cluster sampling, and 94 pupils and middle school students were selected from the urban and rural areas of Jinan city as controls （control group）,and all of them were involved in the study with the permission of their guardians.The parents were investigated with the self-desigued parents questionnaire to know the facts that influenced the personality of the subjects.The Eysenck personality questionnaire was also applied to approximately calculate the scores of psychoticism,extraversion and introversion,neuroticism and lie,and then the standard scores were found out in the manual,the number of cases had personality deviation was added according to the standard scores：psychoticism 〉 56.7,neuroticism 〉 56.7,extraversion 〉 56.7 and introversion 〈 43.3（the higher the scores,the greater their personality deviation）.RESULTS：A total of 188 questionnaires were sent out,and all were completely and correctly filled,and collected.According to intention-totreat analysis,94 cases in the study group and control group respectively were involved in the analysis of results. ①The appropriate scores of psychoticism and neuroticism in the Eysenck personality questionnaire were obviously higher in the study group than in the control group（5.38±2.98, 11.09±4.25; 3.39±2.27, 8.69±6.02, t=5.14,3.15, P 〈 0.01）. ②There were more cases having neuroticism and psychoticism in the study group than in the control group（43,25; 20,6; x^2=12.63, 13.34, P 〈 0.01）; Cases had introversion were obviously fewer in the study group（11/11.7） than in the control group（22/23.4）（x^2=4.45,P 〈 0.05）.③There were more cases having defect family,family history of mental diseases,divorce of parents,tense family relationship,defect family education, inconsistent education between parents,punishment from teachers, making friends with those who had antisocial behavior in the study group than in the control group （P 〈 0.05 to 0.01）.CONCLUSION：Young illegal criminals have the personalities of psychotieism and neuroticism,bad family environment and defect education from parents,which are the factors that influence the formation of personality characteristics.
出处
《中国临床康复》
CSCD
北大核心
2005年第20期84-85,共2页
Chinese Journal of Clinical Rehabilitation
