摘要
中国第一次和第二次强化免疫日（ＮＩＤ）活动有效地控制和消除了儿童零剂次免疫状态的持续累积，免疫人群覆盖率显著提高，脊髓灰质炎（脊灰）野病毒病例显著下降，基本控制了脊灰野病毒病例的区域性暴发或流行，表明强化免疫措施对于在短期内阻断脊灰野病毒的传播效果显著。据免疫人群出生队列分析，我国多数省份的第二次强化免疫儿童接种数明显较第一次强化免疫提高，全国１—３岁组儿童接种数平均增加了７．９％（第一轮）和４．３％（第二轮），其中主要含有第一次强化免疫０岁组漏服儿童，而且零剂次儿童总数比第一次强化免疫减少了５９．３％。零剂次儿童集中分布于０岁组，其百分构成从第一次强化免疫的６６．３％升至第二次强化免疫的８２．９％，表明加强和提高０岁组儿童免疫水平是保障我国强化免疫效果的有效途径。此外，在第二次全国强化免疫活动实施过程中，第二轮接种人数明显减少的具有４６８个，占１８％，应种儿童数低于登记儿童数的县占３７％，并有１９％的县接种人数低于常规免疫建卡数，应针对上述问题采取有效措施。
chnut The second National
Immunization Day(NID,December 1994/January 1995) for 0 47months old
children seemed to be well conducted,for not only the coverage of OPV
increased,but also the continued accumulation of zero-dose children
was under control. In most ofprovinces, it appears that the coverage
of the second NID was significantly greater than the firstNID.Based
on comparison of the number of children immunized by birth
cohort,there were 7.9%(lst round) and 4.3%(2nd round)more1- 3years
old children were immunized in the 2nd NIDthan in the lst N10,most of
the children who missed inoculation in the lst NID were
distributedin 1 year old cohort (since they were under one year old
the year before),so it is most likely thatchildren less than 1 year
old are easily to be missed by NID。 After lst NID, the numbers of
Zero-dose children were reduced by 59.3%,and the percentage for those
Zero-dose children under 1year old increased from 66.3%to 82.9%,so
children less than 1 year old shoud have the high pri-ority to be
immunized for achieving the expected goal.The second round of second
NID was not implemented as well as the first round in some ofthe
province. When compared with the first round,the number of children
immunized at secondround decreased in 468 ( 18%)counties. In
addition,in 37%counites, the number of children ex-pected to be
iminunized were less than the children registered and still there
were 19%counties inwhich the number of the children immunized in the
second NID were less than that of the childrenwith routine
immunization cards,These problems need to be effectively solved.
出处
《中国计划免疫》
1995年第2期11-18,共8页
Chinese Journal of Vaccines and Immunization
关键词
脊髓灰质炎
强化免疫
接种率
NID
Poliomyelitis,OPV coverage,National immunization day (NID)1.
Ministry of Public Health,P.R. China2.Chines Academy of Prevfntive
Medicine3.WHO
