摘要
中国狐蝠科共有５属９种，其中狐蝠属３种，果蝠属２种，犬蝠属２种，球果蝠属１种，长舌果蝠属１种。在区系组成上全属东洋界华南区的种类。栖息环境有５种类型。其分布是，东至台湾，西至西藏墨脱，南至海南岛，北到青海民和，共１１省（区），约东经９５°２０′～１２１°３０′，北纬１９°３０′～３６°２０′大狐蝠是我国狐蝠科分布最北的种类，也是狐蝠科在世界分布最北的种类之一。大狐蝠、泰国狐蝠、棕果蝠、犬蝠及球果蝠５种在我国的分布，是这些种在世界的最北界限．狭齿果蝠分布于非洲东部，现在贵州发现，实属罕见。我国狐蝠科垂直分布为５０～１０６５ｍ，分布于最高海拔是棕果蝠。狐蝠类的生态环境有热带阔叶林、热带河谷农田、亚热带阔叶林、亚热带河谷农田及居民点５种类型。生活的环境温度为年平均温１４～２４℃，相对湿度为４８．６％～８４％，年降雨量为３７０～２０００ｍｍ，多为１０００～１５００ｍｍ一般多生活于无霜或少霜的环境。除棕果蝠、长舌果蝠外，另外７种均为稀有种大狐蝠，泰国狐蝠和狭齿果蝠３种自发现后３０余年来一直无信息，可能已在我国绝迹。
There are 9 species of Pteropodae in China,they are:Pteropus dasymallus formosus ,P .Giganteus P .lylei,Rousettus leschenaulti ,R lanosus,Cynopterus sphinx sphinx,C. brachyotis angulatus,Sphaerias blanfordi motouensis and Eonycteris spelaea .These species belongto South China Range of the Oriental Realm.There are 5types of the zoogeographic distribution, including tropical type of S.E,Asia,tropicaltype of S.Asia and S.E. Asia,tropical type of E.Africa and S.E. Asia,tropica andsubtropical type of S. Asia and S.E. Asia, subtropical type of Ryukyu andTaiwan. They distribute over 11 provinces from Taiwan to Xizang and from Hainan toQinghai,whose longitude and latitude are 95°20′～121°30′ E and 19°30′～36°20′N. Pteropus giganteus is the most northern species of Pteropodidae in China, also isone of the most northern species of Pteropodidae in the world.The distribution rangeof P.giganteus, P,lylei,R. leschenaulti, C. sphinx and S. blanfordi are the most northern limits in the world.R,lanosus lives in the eastern Africa,but it was found inLongan,Guizhou province in China.Vertical altitude distribution of Pteropodidae in China. is about 50 to 1965metres.The highest species is R. leschenaulti. There are 5 types of their habitat,which are the tropical broadleaf forest,tropicalriver valley and farmland,subtropical broadleaf forest,subtropical river valley andfarmland,and residential area. During the day, they rest in the mountain caves or treecaves,and some species rest on the tree branches or houses.The annual mean tempertureof Ptropodidae environment in China is 14°～24°C ,the annual rainfall is 370～2000 mland the relative numiditv is 48. 6%～84%. As concerns the quantity of ChinesePtropodidae,they belong to rare species except R.Leschenaultand E. spelaea,P.giganteus ,P.lylei and R. lanosus were found in China more than30 years ago,Since then, these bats have not been found in China,and they must havedisappeared in China.
出处
《云南大学学报（自然科学版）》
CAS
CSCD
1995年第3期234-242,共9页
Journal of Yunnan University(Natural Sciences Edition)
关键词
中国
狐蝠科
生态环境
生态分布
翼手目
China, Pteropodidae(Fruit Bats),distribtition,ecological environment
