摘要
集1972～2000年对苹果生育规律之探索和对国光苹果大小年树连续5年的系统研究,探明了苹果树根系和地上部各器官生长发育的相互关系。小年树年周期内根系与新梢各有3次生长高峰,二者呈交互生长;大年树有2次根生长高峰和1～2次新梢生长高峰,根系与春梢生长高峰期一致。小年衰弱树有2次新梢生长高峰和1次根生长高峰,春季和秋季根系生长高峰消失。大年树和小年树春季根系生长高峰期与盛花期和营养枝全枝叶面积的生长高峰期一致。小年树树体贮藏营养不足,在新梢生长高峰前出现养分亏缺,新梢生长高峰期新根日生长量降至低谷,同时新梢第8,9节出现小叶,是营养转换期开始的标志。大年树贮藏营养充足,春季新根生长旺盛,在新梢生长高峰期第7～10节出现最大叶片,明显地促进了枝叶生长和幼果细胞分裂。在新梢停止生长或缓慢生长阶段,根系进入第二次生长高潮时花芽开始分化,10d左右达花芽分化高峰。大年树结果期明显地抑制了根系和新梢生长及花芽分化,使翌年成为小年。早秋施基肥对促进第三次根系生长高潮及提高树体贮藏营养水平至关重要。早期疏花疏果,调节果实适宜负载量是苹果优质栽培的关键。
<Abstrcat> The relation of growth and development between root system and above-ground organs was made clear through systematic studies on growth rule of apple trees during 1972～2000 as well as on year-on and year-off apple trees of 'Ralls Janet' for 5 years. For year-off trees, both root system and new shoots have three growth peaks in yearly cycle, which alternate to each other. For year-on trees, roots have two growth peaks and new shoots 1～2 growth peaks, and the growth peak of roots and spring shoots are consistent. For weak year-off trees, new shoots have two growth peaks and roots have only one growth peak, with the other two peaks disappearing in spring and autumn. In spring,year-on and year-off trees had the first growth peak of root system consistent with full flowering and the peak of leaf area growth of vegetative shoots. For year-off trees, nutrition deficiency appeared before full growth of spring shoots because of insufficient nutrients reserved in plants, and new shoots showed small leaves on the 8th and 9th nodes, indicating the beginning of nutrition transformation period. For year-on trees, as there were sufficient nutrients reserved in plants, new roots grew vigorously in spring, and new shoots showed largest leaves on the 7th～10th nodes during growth peak.As a result,it obviously promoted the growth of shoots and leaves as well as the cell differentiation of young fruits. When new shoots grew slowly or growth stopped and root system entered its second growth peak, flower buds began differentiation, reaching the peak about 10 days later. Fruiting period in year-on obviously inhibited growth of root system and new shoots as well as differentiation of flower buds, which made the next year off-year. The research showed fertilization in early autumn was important for stimulating the third growth peak of root system and improving reservation of nutrients in apple trees, and the key to optimal cultivation practices was adjusting fruiting load through early flower and fruit thinning.
出处
《山西农业科学》
2005年第3期35-39,共5页
Journal of Shanxi Agricultural Sciences
关键词
苹果
根系
新梢
生长动态
大年树
小年树
Apple
Root system
New shoot
Growth dynamics
Year-on tree
Year-off tree
