摘要
目的了解宝石加工行业接尘工人矽肺患病情况及其特征。方法对5间宝石加工厂生产环境和接尘工龄1a以上的工人进行横断面的流行病学调查。结果5间厂各个作业点的粉尘浓度均超过国家卫生标准(1mg/m3)的2.96～10.5倍。游离SiO2含量平均为91.2%～95.1%。受检的1352名接尘工人中,被诊断为各期矽肺患者73例,患病率占5.4%。患病年龄为(27.6±4.52)岁。接尘工龄(4.82±1.63)a。矽肺患者的X线表现以q影改变为主。肺通气功能损害多为混合型(24/37),占64.8%。合并肺结核15例,占20.5%;肺气肿29例,占3.7%;气胸6例,占8.23%。结论宝石行业生产性粉尘对工人健康危害极大,当务之急是对宝石行业加强劳动卫生监督,加大执法力度,改革工艺流程,降低粉尘浓度,控制矽肺病发生。
[Objective] To explore the situation and features of silicosis among dust-exposed workers in gem processing industry. [Methods] Epidemiological survey was conducted on the environment of 5 gem processing factories and the workers who had been exposed to gem dust for over 1 year. [Results] The dust concentrations in the 5 factories all exceeded the national health standard by 2.96 to 10.5 times. 5.4% of the inspected workers were found with silicosis (73/1 352). The average age of the silicosis patients was (27.6±4.52) with an average dust exposure duration of (4.82± 1.63). Changes in 'q' image were the main X-ray manifestation; the pulmonary function damages mostly belonged to mixed type (64.8%). 15 cases were found combined with tuberculosis (20.5%), 29 cases with emphysema (3.7%), 6 cases with pneumothorax (8.23%). [Conclusion] Productive dust in gem processing industry may cause great damages on workers' health. It is vital and urgent to strengthen labor hygienic supervision in order to reduce the dust concentration and control the attack of silicosis.
出处
《职业与健康》
CAS
2005年第7期970-972,共3页
Occupation and Health
关键词
宝石行业
粉尘
矽肺
Gem processing industry, Dust, Silicosis
