摘要
在17865名橡胶工人中进行了肿瘤死亡回顾性队列研究,观察期为1967年1月1日至1988年12月31日,以我国1988年41个城市的死亡资料为参照。队列成员分归8类27个工种。结果是(1)男女恶性肿瘤均居死因首位;(2)消化系统癌较突出,特别是胃癌在5个工种类SMR均显著超高,肝癌与食管癌在少数工种显著超高;(3)呼吸系统癌中男女吸烟者肺癌明显超出,吸烟与职业两因素呈相加作用,鼻咽癌在男女个别工种吸烟者超高;(4)膀胱癌超高仅见于硫化工吸烟者;(5)成型工白血病超高;(6)胃癌及肝癌主要在专业工作初始年龄小于20岁或30岁人群中超高;(7)炼胶、硫化、配料及非轮胎混合是问题较多的工种。 本文详细讨论了职业癌调查中工种划分及队列成员工种归属的方法及原则,并提出了独到见解。
The retrospective cohort study in a period from Jan. 1,1967through Dec. 31, 1988 was conducted among 17865 rubber workers, wirh the data of leading causes of death in 41 cities in 1988 used as reference. The occupations were classified into 8 main job-categories consisting of 27 subcategories. The results were: (1) malignant tumor was the leading cause of death in both males and females. (2 ) Mortality from cancer of gastro-inteatinal tract predominated, in which the SMR of stomach cancer was higher in 5 main job-categories. The liver c- ancer and the esophageal cancer mortality was higher in a few categories. ( 3 ) Cancer of the respiratory tract, the lung cancel-mortality in both male and female smokers of the whole cohort was higher. Factorial analysis indicated that, an additive effect was existed between occupation and smoking factors. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma of males and females was higher in a few job-categories. (4 ) Bladder cancer was higher only in the smokers of the vulcanization . ( 5 ) Leukaemia was higher in the m-oulding. ( 6 ) High mortality of cancers of stomach and liver occurred mainly in the populations with the age at the first employment below 20-20 yrs. In several job-categories here were correlations between s--pecific working years and SMBs of stomach and esophagus cancers. ( 7) Of all job-categories, milling, vulcanization, raw material handling, weighing and mixing were the ones where the critical risk factors co-ncerned predominated.
This paper discussecl in detail the opinion on the principle of classification and assignment of job-category in the epidemiology of occupational cancer.
出处
《中国工业医学杂志》
CAS
1994年第1期12-16,共5页
Chinese Journal of Industrial Medicine
关键词
橡胶
队列研究
职业分类
吸烟
肿瘤
rubber, cancer, cohort study, job-category, smoking
