摘要
离体培养半夏Ｐｉｎｅｌｌｉａ ｔｅｒｎａｔａ 茎尖获得小植株。用其叶柄作外植体在ＭＳ添加２，４－Ｄ 和ＫＴ的培养基上诱导出愈伤组织，继代培养中挑选出一种表面呈颗粒状、易分散、生长快的愈伤组织。在ＭＳ添加ＫＴ０．５ ｍ ｇ／Ｌ， ＮＡＡ ０．２ ｍ ｇ／Ｌ的培养基上，叶柄可直接分化形成小植株，愈伤组织通过形成小块茎的途径产生完整植株。块茎顶端芽分化过程中，先形成的叶原基或幼叶总是覆盖着后面的叶原基而出现一种依次叠套的特殊结构。液体浅层培养对试管苗的增殖速率比固体培养快１ 倍。叶柄和愈伤组织的小植株分化率均在７０％ 以上，移栽成活率为１００％ 。试管苗的块茎产量（鲜重）比对照（用小块茎繁殖）的净块茎产量（鲜重）高１０３％ 。试管苗块茎的总生物碱含量为０．３４４％ ，野生和人工栽培半夏块茎的总生物碱含量分别为０．２６４％ 和０．２０３％ 。
Formation of Plantlets was achieved when stem apex of Pinellia ternata Briet. cultured in vitro on MS medium with KT 0 5 mg/L + NAA 0 2 mg/L (MSI). With petioles of the plantlet as explants callus could be induced after cultured for a week on MS medium with 2,4 D 2 0 mg/L+KT 0 5 mg/L (MSII). Calli were subcultured once in every month. After 3—4 months a kind of friable calli could be selected, from which the tubercles could be differentiate and the plantlets formed when transfered onto MSI. But before callus differentiation, a lot of roots were formed on callus. The plantlets could be produced directly from the petiole segment. It was found that the stem growing tip was always covered by the leaf primordium and the former leaf primordium was covered by the latter leaf primordium during the differentiation of the apical bud of tubercle. The frenquency of plantlet differentiation from callus and petioles was over 70%. The rate of regeneration of plantlet on liquid static culture was twice as much as that on solid culture. All plantlets grew well after being transfered into the plot. The fresh weight of tuber plant was 103% higher than that of control (cultivated plant come from tubers). The alkaloid content of tubers come from tuber plant was 0 344%, that of control was 0 203% and 0 264%. for the wild tuber.
关键词
半夏
茎尖培养
块茎
生物碱
Pinallia ternata
Stem apex culture
Tubercle
Alkaloid
