摘要
目的总结临沂市狂犬病流行特点和规律,分析疫情影响因素,评价并筛选经济适用的防制策略和措施。方法对临沂市30年狂犬病流行状况进行流行病学调查,对疫情报告、疫情监测和流调资料进行分析。结果30年中出现两次流行,共发生狂犬病549例,全部死亡,病死率100%。疫情以苍山、平邑、郯城3县为重,发病占全市的45.36%。传染源主要是犬,感染方式以咬伤(97.51%)为主;每年4月份疫情开始上升,7～10月份为发病高峰期。10.93%(60/549)的患者系免疫失败病例,原因(1)伤口未处理或处理不规范;(2)未联合使用抗狂犬病血清;(3)与现行狂犬疫苗的质量及免疫程序有关。30年中防制策略由单纯灭犬到“管、免、灭”综合性防制,取得了显著成绩。但2002年疫情再起。疫情回升的主要原因是犬密度大幅升高、且免疫率低,防制各部门之间缺乏协作。结论长期坚持实行对犬“管、免、灭”综合性防制是唯一正确的策略,只有降低犬密度,提高犬免疫率,暴露后正确处理伤口,并根据受伤情况采取相应预防措施,才能有效控制狂犬病的发生和流行。
Objective The epidemical characteristics and laws on Rabies were Summarized in Linyi City,The actors of rising again of epidemic situation were approached and the economical preventive measures on it were evaluated and were sifted out.Methods The epidemical conditions of Rabies were surveyed by epidemiology for 30 years in Linyi City;the data of epidemic situation and epidemiology survey were analysed.Results There were two epidemical peaks in 30 years,with 549 cases of Rabies that all died.The fatality rate was 100%.In Cangshan,Pingyi and Tancheng three counties.Rabies cases accounted for 45.35% of all.The major infectious source was the dogs,and the mode of transmission was bite (97.51%).Every year,the incidence started increasing in April,and reached the peak from July to October.10.93% of cases were immunofailure.The reasons for that were as follow:First,the wounds were not handled or handled not normally.Second,RIS was not jointly used.Last,it related to the quality and the vaccination schedule of Rabies vaccine in use.During 30 years,the tremendous achievements were gained with the preventive measures from wiped simply out the dogs to prevented multiply from Rabies.But the epidemic situation rose again from 2002;its primary factors were the density of dosg was greatly rising;the vaccinated rate was lower and the cooperation among the preventive departments was deficient.Conclusion The “management,vaccination,exterminate”multiplep prevention measures should be continued for a long term.Only decreasing the density of dogs and increasing the accinated rate of dogs,the wounds were normally handled after exposed,and the preventive measures had been appropriately taken,could Rabies be controlled.
出处
《中国公共卫生》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2005年第1期74-75,共2页
Chinese Journal of Public Health
关键词
狂犬病
流行特征
流行病学调查
防制策略
rabies
epidemical characteristic
epidemiology survey
preventive measures
