摘要
目的 了解重症监护病房(ICU)内医院感染危险因素,以制定有效控制措施,减少医院感染的发生。方法 对ICU住院患者进行为期1年的前瞻性监测。监测期为患者进入ICU至转出ICU 72h。由专职人员每日巡视ICU内住院患者,填写相应登记表。结果 共监测6 6 1例病例,医院感染率为14 .98% ,各科ICU医院感染率由高到低依次为:内科4 6 .0 8% ,老年病科2 3.4 6 % ,外科18.11% ,心内科11.11%。医院感染部位前3位是:下呼吸道(5 8.5 9% ) ,胃肠道(17.19% ) ,泌尿道(10 .94 % )。医院感染病原菌前3位是:铜绿假单胞菌(2 6 .2 3% ) ,金黄色葡萄球菌(16 .39% ) ,表皮葡萄球菌(13.11% )。结论 尽可能缩短住ICU时间,注意各种侵入性操作的消毒隔离并尽早停止侵入性操作,合理使用抗菌药物是减少ICU内医院感染率的有效措施。
Objective To evaluate risk factors for nosocomial infection (NI) in patients in intensive care units (ICUs), and to establish effective control measures to reduce the occurrence of NI. Methods Patients from admission in ICUs to the discharging out of ICUs within 72 hours during a one-year period were monitored prospectively, IN surveillance professionals visited ICUs everyday and filled investigation forms. Results Six hundred and sixty-one patients were investigated, NI rate was 14.98%. IN rates from high to low were as follows: internal medicine department 46.08%, gerontal diseases department 23.46%, surgical department 18.11%, heart internal medicine department 11.11%. The top three NI sites were lower respiratory tract ( 58.59%), gastrointestinal tract ( 17.19%) and urinary tract ( 10.94%); the first three pathogens in NI were Pseudomonas aegruginosa ( 26.23%), Staphylococcus aureus ( 16.39%) and Staphylococcus epidermidis ( 13.11%). Conclusion The effective control measures to reduce the occurrence of NI in patients in ICU are shortening the duration of patients' stay in ICU, paying attention to the sterilization of invasive procedure, removing invasive devices as early as possible and using antimicrobial agents rationally.
出处
《中国感染控制杂志》
CAS
2005年第2期142-144,共3页
Chinese Journal of Infection Control
关键词
重症监护病房
医院感染
危险因素
监测
intensive care unit
nosocomial infection
risk factors
surveillance
