摘要
采用“去壁低渗法”对我国树莓属８个种１８个类型的染色体数目和１２个类型的核型进行了研究。发现我国牛迭肚（ＲｕｂｕｓｃｒａｔａｅｇｉｆｏｌｉｕｓＢｇｅ．）、绿叶悬勾子（Ｒ．ｋｏｍａｒｏｖｉｉＮａｋａｉ）、库叶悬勾子（Ｒ．ｓａｃｈａｌｉｎｅｎｓｉｓＬｅｖｌ．）有二倍体２ｎ＝２ｘ＝１４和四倍体２ｎ＝４ｘ＝２８类型；茅莓（Ｒ．ｐａｒｖｉｆｏｌｉｕｓＬ．）为四倍体２ｎ＝４ｘ＝２８；覆盆子（Ｒ．ｉｄａｅｕｓＬ、）有二倍体２ｎ＝２ｘ＝１４和三倍体２ｎ＝３ｘ＝２１类型；黄树莓（Ｒ．ｘａｎｔｈｏｃａｒｐｕｓＢｕｒｅａｕｅｔＦｒａｎｃｈ．）、黑树莓（Ｒ．ｏｃｃｉｄｅｎｔａｌｉｓＬ．）、美洲黑莓（Ｒ．ａｌｌｅｇｈｅｎｉｅｎｓｉｓＰｏｒｔｅｒ．）均为二倍体２ｎ＝２ｘ＝１４。核型结果表明，树莓属染色体均小形，由中部着丝点染色体和亚中部着丝点染色体组成。属“１Ａ”和“２Ａ”型。种间的染色体核型存在差异。同一种内三倍体类型和四倍体类型比二倍体类型进化。
Chromosome numbers of 18 forms, 8 species and karyotypes of 12 formsof Rubus in China were studied with the wall degradation hypotonic method. It was foundthat Rubus crataegifolius Bge., R. komarovii Nakai, and R. sachalinensis Levl. havediploid (2n=2x=14) and tetraploid (2n=4x=28) forms; R. parvifolius L. is tetraploid (2n=4x=28); R. idaeus L. has diploid (2n=2x=14) and triploid (2n=3x=21) forms; R. xanthocarpus Bureau et Franch., R. occidentalis L., and R. allegheniensis Porter. are all diploid (2n=2x=14). Karyotype results indicate that all the chromosomes of Rubus are small in size. The karyotypes are composed of metacentricchromosomes and submetacentric chromosomes and belong to'1A' and '2ZA' types.Karyotypic differences exist among Rubus. Triploid and tetraploid forms are moreevolutional than diploid forms in the same species.
出处
《园艺学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
1994年第4期313-319,共7页
Acta Horticulturae Sinica
基金
中国农业科学院院长基金
