摘要
美国水稻育种的首要目标是品质改良,其优良的米质使美国成为世界大米出口大国之一。为便于机械化收割,品种耐肥抗倒性强,成熟整齐一致。为避免稻壳具毛的品种收获时带尘土不便作业,多数品种属光壳稻类型。近年来,随着超高产育种研究的深入和发展,发现许多美国品种对籼稻和粳稻均有一定的亲和性。发掘和利用这些广亲和性品种已引起水稻育种和遗传资源工作者的广泛重视。本文研究了部分美国品种在我国种植的表现及其广亲和性,并进行品种系谱分析,以求较为全面地评价这些珍贵的外引稻种资源。1 材料与方法14份从美国引进的品种列于表1。所有材料于1990年种植于中国水稻研究所试验场。5月25日播种,6月20日移栽。每小区40株左右。农艺性状观察包括全生育期、株高、有效穗、总粒数、千粒重和粒型。利用六性状分类法对6个分类性状进行籼粳分类。以籼型品种IR36、南京11,粳型品种秋光、桂花黄及粳型光敏感不育系M105S等为测验种进行广亲和性观察。以杂种F_1结实率(5穗平均)鉴别广亲和性。
Studies were made on the agronomic characteristics, variety type and wide compatibility of 14 rice varieties introduced from America. Pedigree analysis were also conducted. The results indicated most of varieties have unfavourable comprehensive characteristics. Low number of effective panicle per plant is a main problem. Different variety have advantage in different characteristics. 14 WCVs which include varieties with compatibility gene and varieties from indica-japonica hybridization were identified. Pedigree analysis demonstrated that the genetic base of 20 WCVs can be traced to these varieties: Pachain, UNJP, Marong paroc, Hill sel., UNPH, Hnduras and so on. It is essential to make further studies on morphological feature and physiological property of American varieties and genetic base of wide compatibility.
出处
《中国水稻科学》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
1993年第3期179-182,共4页
Chinese Journal of Rice Science
关键词
水稻
品种
评价
美国
American rice variety
Agronomic characteristics: Pedigree analysis: Wide compatibility
