摘要
孙中山在其生命的最后几年 ,曾与中共合作 ,成功地改组了国民党 ,推动了国民革命运动在中国的兴起。但是 ,孙中山最初同意接纳中共党员加入国民党 ,从一开始就有着复杂的政治背景。这其中 ,苏联和共产国际的作用尤为引人注目。十分明显 ,孙中山看重的 ,很大程度上并不是这个当时在全国才只有区区几百人的政治小团体 ,尽管他相当欣赏中共党员所具有的工作热情和献身精神 ,并不惜委以重任 ,然而他的基本意图只是要借助这种办法来推进国民党在组织上的发展。只要注意到孙中山对马克思主义的批评 ,及坚持共产组织和苏维埃制度不适用于中国的态度 ,就不难看出他绝难按照共产党人的意志改造国民党。国共之间的矛盾冲突在孙中山在世时之所以没有发展到不可收拾的程度 ,一个重要的原因仅仅在于孙中山太过自信 ,并且独断独行。一旦孙中山不在 ,国共两党之间的矛盾冲突就难免会以相当尖锐的形式公开表现出来。
In the last years of his life, Sun Yat sen cooperated with the CCP, successfully reorganized the Guomindang, and promoted the rise of national revolution in China. However, from the very beginning Sun Yat sen's agreement to admit members of the CCP into the Guomindang had a very complicated political background. In this, the role of the Soviet Union and the Comintern is especially prominent. Obviously, to a considerable degree, what Sun Yat sen regarded as important was not this small political group, which at the time had merely several hundred members nationwide. Although he admired the CCP cadres' sacrificial spirit and enthusiasm for their work, and appointed them to important positions, his basic intention was only to use them to advance the organizational development of the Guomindang. One need only consider Sun's criticism of Marxism, and his persistent standpoint that Communist organization and the Soviet system were not suitable to China, in order to conclude that he would never reform the Guomindang according to the Communists' will. One important reason why the contradictions and conflicts between the CCP and Guomindang did not get out of hand during last years of Sun's life was his excessive confidence and arbitrary action. It was inevitable that once Sun died, the contradictions and conflicts between the CCP and Guomindang would be sharply exposed.
出处
《近代史研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2001年第3期1-72,共72页
Modern Chinese History Studies
