摘要
控制发展理论的基本概念包括初级控制与次级控制。初级控制指的是指向外部环境的行为和改变环境以适应个体需求的企图;次级控制的目标是指向个体自身,目的是将初级控制的丧失最小化、维持并提高当前的初级控制水平。次级控制一方面帮助个体应对初级控制的失败,另一方面通过选择功能提高初级控制水平。与次级控制相比,初级控制对个体发展的适应性机是居首位的。该文详细阐述了两种控制的含义、维度模式及其相互作用,并从毕生发展的角度讨论了控制的发展特点。
A newly promoted life-span theory of development is introduced here. This control theory employed two basic concepts of primary and secondary controls. Primary control directs at changing the external world to fit the needs of the individual. Secondary control targets at internal processes in order to minimize losses in, maintain, and expand existing levels of primary control. The concepts and the dimensional models of the two control processes are described,the development of control through the life course is analyzed, and an evaluation of the control theory is conducted in this paper.
出处
《心理科学进展》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2002年第2期168-177,共10页
Advances in Psychological Science
基金
北京师范大学青年教师基金资助
关键词
毕生发展
控制理论
初级控制
次级控制
life-span development, control theory, primary control, secondary control.
