摘要
目的 评价佛山市白喉免疫接种效果。方法 对佛山市 1 950～ 1 999年白喉免疫接种资料、1 986～ 1 999年采用锡克氏试验检测白喉免疫成功率及健康人群免疫保护率的免疫资料进行了分析 ,并使用DALY指标对白喉的预防接种进行成本—效益分析。结果 佛山市七十年代、八十年代、九十年代白喉类毒素年均接种率分别为 76.9%、92 .8%、99.2 % ;1 986～ 1 999年 ,白喉免疫成功率年均 98.9% ;各年龄组健康人群白喉免疫保护率在 91 .2 %～ 98.2 % ;白喉发病相应大幅度下降 ,白喉年均发病率由五、六十年代的 1 3 .3 /十万下降至七十年代的 1 .1 /十万 ,八十年代后发病率均在 0 .5/十万以下 ,1 993年后无白喉病例发生。 1 979～ 1 999年佛山市白喉预防接种成本效益比为 1∶4 .2。结论 佛山市实施计划免疫控制白喉效果显著 ,显示计划免疫是消除白喉的根本措施。提出在控制、消除以致消灭白喉的不同阶段制订相应的免疫策略。
Objective To assess the effect of immunization for diphtheria elimination in Foshan city.Methods Diphtheria data from Disease Reporting System from 1950 to 1999 and surveillance data using the Shick's test to determine the successful rate of immunization and the antibody protective rate for healthy persons in Foshan city from 1986 to 1999 were analyzed.A cost-effect analysis with DALY index was conducted to assess the diphtheria immunization .Results The average coverage rates of diphtheria immunization in 1970s,1980s and1990s were 76.9%,92.8%and 99.2% respectively. From 1986 to 1999,the average rate of successful immunization was 98.9%,and the antibody protective rate in healthy persons was between 91.2% and 98.2%. The morbidity of diphtheria dropped from sharply 13.3/100 000 in 1950s and 1960s to 1.1/100 000 in 1970s and 0.5/100 000 after 1980s .No case of diphtheria has been found since 1993. The cost-effect ratio of diphtheria immunization was 1∶4.2 during 1979～1999.Conclusion EPI has a significant effect on diphtheria control in Foshan city and it plays a key role in diphtheria elimination.
出处
《广东卫生防疫》
2001年第1期12-15,共4页
Guangdong Journal of Health and Epidemic Prevention
