5Smveook J,Fritsch E F ,Maniatis T Molecular Cloning : Laboratory Manual ,2nd ed[M].New York,1989
6Alison Adams,Daniel E Gottschling ,Chris A Kaiser,et al.Methods in yeast Genetics [ M ].A cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Course Manual,1998
7Chuang,L.F.,and E.B.Collins..Biosynthesis of diacetyl in bacteria and yeast[J] .J.Bac- teriol.1968,95:2083- 2089.
8Lewis K.F.and Weinhouse S.1958.Studies in valine biosynthesis,α-acetolactate formation in microorganism [ J ].J.Am.Chem.Soc.80:4913-4915
9Aschengreen,N.H.,S.Jepsen.1992.Use of α- acetolactate decarboxylase in brewing fermantation.Proc,Conv.- Inst.Brew.22nd,80 - 83.
10Chikako Shimizu,Yoshiyuki Nakamura,kouji Miyai.Factors Affecting 5- Hydroxymethyl Furfural Formation and Stale Flavor Formation in Beer[J].J.Am.Soc.Brew.Chem.2001.59(2):51-58.