摘要
日常言语交际中存在很多类似“吧”的话语标记语,即传统语法所称的小品词、语气词或叹词等‘虚词’,它们在交际中的作用往往难以定说。本研究以汉语中的“吧”为对象,并以互动式会话语料为例,重点探讨它在语境条件下的语用功能,比如语用推进功能、语用缓和与商榷功能,及其语境顺应性,旨在揭示它在语境条件下的顺应性特征和语用理据。通过本研究,作者试图指出,言语交际,尤其是互动性人际交往中,很多类似词语或结构具有很强、很丰富的动态语境特征与非句法鄄语义功能。
This article examines the functions and contextual adaptability of the Chinese discourse marker ba (吧) in verbal interaction. As a discourse marker, ba usually occurs at the end of an utterance, but its functions can vary from context to context. For example, ba can appear in interrogatives to facilitate ongoing verbal interaction rather than act as an indicator of a question that seeks information. Also, ba can serve to mitigate unwelcome effects of certain speech acts or events and thereby increase the acceptability of what is conveyed, such as suggestions, opinions, or critical comments which are face-threatening. These uses of ba have provided clear evidence for its pragmatic motivation and contextual adaptability, which helps us to rethink and probe the functions of other 'small words' like ne (呢), ma (吗) in context.
出处
《现代外语》
CSSCI
北大核心
2004年第4期340-349,共10页
Modern Foreign Languages
