摘要
汉语述宾式合成复合词的构造有“短语入词”的现象。有人认为这是“词库与句法界面”(lexicon syntaxinterface)的作用 (顾阳、沈阳 2 0 0 1)。本文持否定意见 ,认为“短语入词”现象是语法的两种生成机制 -模式联体记忆 (patternassociatormemory)以及运符处理规则 (symbol processingrules) -互为补充的结果 ,目的是使词库保持不冗余。方式有三 :(1)句法将生成好的短语返回到词库再做构词用 ;(2 )曾经是短语的形式通过模式联体记忆进入词库成为词根 ;(3)即使是可以用构词规则生成的词 ,因兼备相关模式而进入联体记忆 ,也变成词根。
Previous studies on Chinese synthetic compounds that adopted the lexicon syntax interface theories were unsatisfactory, for they did not resolve paradigms involving those compounds. This paper re examines the issue within the framework of the Loop Theory of Pinker (1999), and at the same time examines the wider picture of Chinese morphology in the framework as well. Chinese synthetic compounding displays two prominent features: one of word order and the other of morpheme syllables. The two features combine to form complex and sometimes confusing paradigms. Word order wise, the canonical word order in Chinese synthetic compounding is (O)VS, just opposite to that of Chinese syntax, which is SV(O). As a result, if a synthetic compound conforms to the (O)VS or (O)VX word order, it is purely a lexical structure, to which we have identified five types of compound (OVS, OVX, VS, VX and XVX). In contrast, if a syntactic word order shows up in compounds, such as VOS and SVX, it contains a stem that is a syntax generated VP (instantiating either VO or SV) that is looped back from syntax to lexicon to become a stem of a compound. Looping, however, occurs only where V, O and the preverbal S are disyllabic respectively. In cases where these items are monosyllabic, the resultant structures, e.g. VO and SV forms of words, are not VPs, but rather roots. The monosyllabic VO or SV form of word in question is believed to be a VP once in history but has evolved to become a root, presumably through associated pattern memory. If it is true, which we believe is, Chinese morphology has provided strong evidence for the looping theory, and for the economy principle of grammar based on the interaction between memory and the computing act of the mind.
出处
《当代语言学》
CSSCI
北大核心
2004年第3期223-235,共13页
Contemporary Linguistics
