摘要
本试验开展了60 Coγ射线辐照对花魔芋 (Amorphophalluskonjac)农艺性状影响的研究。结果表明 :辐射诱发了大量有利的或损伤的数量性状变异。这些可观察或可检测的变异有形态异常 ,主要表现为植株矮小及叶片畸形(包括叶片黄化、缺刻、叶卷曲及主叶脉粘连不分离等 ) ;还有其它的性状变化 ,如生长期、根系、鞭状茎分化、耐寒性 ,球茎增重和产量等。观察发现 ,辐射效应的主要特征是抑制和损伤 ,并有一定程度的生理修复。通过分析 ,这些数量性状的变化符合统计规律 ,如植株叶片面积的变化与辐射剂量关系可拟合成三次曲线 ,其它的性状变化与剂量成二次曲线。在花魔芋生长期间发现了大叶片植株、耐寒植株、少鞭状茎分化植株和高球茎增重系数植株等有益突变。大叶片可增加光合作用面积 ,提高产量 ;少鞭状茎分化可减少球茎物质分流 ,使积累更加有效 ;耐寒抗寒既可延长生长期 ,也可扩大种植范围和向适宜地区推广。通过实验 ,得出花魔芋的辐射敏感性强 ,诱变效应显著 ,性状变异有可选择性 ,辐射诱变育种和种质改良可行。此外 ,魔芋种植多采用无性繁殖方式 。
The experiment was designed to study effects on agricultural characters of Amorphophallus konjac which were irradiated by ()^(60)Coγ ray. It shows that the γ-ray can induce various mutations which include favourable and unfavourable. The abnormal forms and the variations of other characters were observed or examined,such as plant short,leaf variations(contain leaf etiolation,leaf notch,leaf roll,and main leaf vein partial nondisjunction,etc.),growing period,cold hardiness,scourge-like caudex differentiation,corm weight increase,and so on. By ananlysing and reseaching,the general characteristic of irradiation effects on agricultural characters is inhibition and damage.Meanwhile,there is physiological restoration in a certain extent,too.The variations of these characters might be described as statistical rule. For example,Leaf area dosage effect regressive equation could be expressed as the cube,and other quantitative characters dosage effect equations could be expressed as the conic. Some favourable mutative characters were also found,such as big leaf area,less scourge-like caudex differentiation,cold hardiness and high yield,etc..Big leaf area could increase photosynthetic product;Less scourge-like caudex differentiation makes accumulation of corm material more efficient.Therefore,these favourable mutative characters are very important to yield.Cold hardiness is a significant discovery,which could not only prolong its growing period,but also enlarge its cultivation scope. Based on the experimental results,it is concluded that the A.konjac has strong irradiation sensitivity to γ-ray and irradiation breeding is practical.In addition,because the konjac is a kind of asexual crop,favourable mutative characters could be used as germplasm foundational material in breeding directly.
出处
《激光生物学报》
CAS
CSCD
2004年第5期377-382,共6页
Acta Laser Biology Sinica
基金
科技部攻关计划 (99 0 10 0 1 13)
关键词
^60Coγ射线
花魔芋
农艺性状
Coγ ray
Amorphophallus konjac
agricultural characters
