摘要
清末西藏新政是在英、俄等国加快侵略西藏的步伐、清政府统治西藏面临困难的情况下实施的。政治上调整行政体制和整肃吏治 ,经济上发展实业 ,军事上训练新军和加强兵备 ,文化上兴办学堂和创办报纸 ,是清末西藏新政的主要内容。西藏实施新政后 ,政府机构的办事效率有所提高 ,农牧工矿和交通电信业得到发展 ,近代化军队产生 ,近代文化得到传播 ,清政府加强了对西藏的统治 ,维护了对西藏的主权 ,有利于抵御外来势力的侵略。帝国主义国家的干涉和破坏 ,清政府的腐败 ,新政的某些措施脱离藏族地区的实际 ,最终使西藏新政归于失败。这一切给人们留下了深刻的启示和教训。
During the late Qing dynasty, the New Policies were carried out in Tibet amid increased aggression by Great Britain and Russia while the Qing government faced increasing difficulties in governing Tibet. The main features of the New Policies in late Qing Tibet were: politically, adjusting the administrative system and cleaning up local administration; economically, developing industry and commerce; militarily, training New Army units and strengthening armament; culturally, building schools and developing newspapers. After the New Policies were carried out, the adminstrative departments handled affairs more efficiently, agriculture, animal husbandry, industry, mines, communications and posts improved, a modem army was developed, and modern culture was spread. The Qing government strengthened its rule over Tibet, and safeguarded Tibet's sovereignty. All these results helped to defend against foreign aggression. However, interference and disruption by capitalist countries, the corruption of the Qing government, and incompatibilities between some New Policies measures and Tibetan realities finally led to the failure of the New Policies in Tibet.
出处
《近代史研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2002年第5期100-134,共35页
Modern Chinese History Studies
