3Finkemeier C. G. Schmidt A. H. and Kyle R. F. A prospective, randomized study of intramedullary nails inserted with and with out reaming for the treatment of open and closed fractures of the tibial shaft[ J ]. Journal of Orthopaedic Trauma, 2000, ( 14 ):
4Browner B D. The Science and practice of intramedullary nailing[M]. 2nd edition, Balitimore: willians & wilkins, 1996: 209-212
5Gregor P, Sanders R. The treatment of closed unstable tibial shaft fracture with unresmed interlooking nail[J]. Clin Orthop, 1995, 315:48-55
6Krettek C,Schandelmaier P,Tscherne H. Nonreamed interlock ing nailing of closed tibial fractures with severe soft tissue injury[J]. Clin Orthop, 1995,315: 34-47
7Puno RM,Teynor JT,Nagano J,et al. Critical analysis of results of treatment of 201 tibial shaft fractures[J]. Clin Orthop, 1986, 212:113-120
8Schemitseh EH, Kowalski MJ, Swiontkowski MF, et al. Cortical hone blood flow in reamed and unreamed looked intramedullary nailing: a fractured tibia model in sheep [ J ]. J Orthop Trauma, 1994,8: 373-382
9Zndrekvam K, Lekven J, Engesaeter LB, et al. Effects of in tramedullary reaming and nailing on blood flow in rat femora[J]. Acta Orthop Scand, 1992,63: 61
10Wiss DA, Stetson WB. Unstable fracture of the tibia treated with a reamed intramedullary interlocking nail[J]. Clin Orthop, 1995, 315: 56-63
二级参考文献6
1陆裕补 胥沙汀（等）.实用骨科学[M].北京:人民军医出版社,1991.798-813.
2Champman MW. The role of intramedullary fixation in open fracture. Clin Orthop, 1986.212 : 26
