摘要
先秦两汉魏晋南北朝时期,官方设有与清洁相关的官职和除害防疫的专职人员,而且具有规范的预防疫病和服药预防措施。成书于这个时期的专门医著《黄帝内经》,更是对疫病的发病与气候的关系以及疫病的预防和周期性预测都有详细的阐述。隋唐五代时期,"导引"和熏烟防治疫病的方法得以运用,此外孙思邈还提出用灸法预防瘟疫感染。王焘在《外台秘要》中首次将伤寒与温病并列论述,指出性接触可以传播天行病,同时对创伤性感染也有了认识。宋金元时期,香药被广泛应用,医家们认识到"香能散疫气",此外重视运气学说在疫病发生中的作用。同时,医家对疫病的种类认识也开始多元化,对痘疹、瘴疟、痢疾、霍乱、麻风、虫证等传染病的防治也有非常多的记载。明清时期,政府施散医药防治疫病,医家重视隔离和消毒,根据时令提前服用预防瘟疫的处方。医家预防疫病方案多样化,首创主动防疫,推行人痘接种术,影响深远。
During the period of pre-Qin,Han,Wei,Jin,southern and Northern Dynasties,the government had official positions related to cleaning and full-time personnel for pest control and epidemic prevention,and had standardized preventive measures against diseases and medication.Huangdi Neijing,which was written in this period,elaborates the relationship between the incidence of epidemic diseases and climate,as well as the prevention and periodic prediction of epidemic diseases.In the Sui,Tang and Five Dynasties period,the methods of"Daoyin"and fumigation were used to prevent the epidemic diseases.In addition,Sun Simiao also proposed moxibustion to prevent plague infection.In Waitai Miyao,Wang Tao discussed typhoid fever and febrile disease in parallel for the first time.He pointed out that sexual contact can spread natural diseases,and at the same time,he also had an understanding of traumatic infection.During the Song,Jin and Yuan Dynasties,fragrant herbs were widely used.Doctors realized that"fragrance can disperse epidemic qi",and they also attached importance to the role of Yunqi theory in the occurrence of epidemic diseases.At the same time,doctors began to diversify their understanding of the types of epidemic diseases,and there were also many records on the prevention and control of such infectious diseases as pox rash,malaria,dysentery,cholera,leprosy,and insect syndrome.During the Ming and Qing Dynasties,the government used dispersive medicine to prevent and control epidemic diseases.Doctors attached importance to isolation and disinfection,and took prescriptions for prevention of plague in advance according to the season.The doctor′s plan of disease prevention was diversified,and the initiative of epidemic prevention and the implementation of vaccination of human pox technology had a far-reaching impact.
作者
杨必安
曹丽娟
姚鑫
杨舒佳
闫敏敏
黄作阵
YANG Bian;CAO Lijuan;YAO Xin;YANG Shujia;YAN Minmin;HUANG Zuozhen(Beijing University of Chinese Medicine,Beijing China 100029;Beijing Huguosi Chinese Medicine Hospital,Beijing China 100000)
出处
《中医学报》
CAS
2021年第1期54-57,共4页
Acta Chinese Medicine
基金
北京市中医药科技发展基金项目(JJ2018-78)。
关键词
疫病
中医防疫
瘟疫
《黄帝内经》
导引
《外台秘要》
香药
人痘接种术
运气学说
epidemic disease
epidemic prevention of Chinese medicine
plague
Huangdi Neijing
"Daoyin"
Waitai Miyao
fragrant herbs
vaccination of human pox technology
Yunqi theory
