As global greenhouse gases continue rising,the urgency of more ambitious action is clearer than ever before.China is the world’s biggest emitter of greenhouse gases and one of the countries affected most by climate c...As global greenhouse gases continue rising,the urgency of more ambitious action is clearer than ever before.China is the world’s biggest emitter of greenhouse gases and one of the countries affected most by climate change.The evidence about the impacts of climate change on the environment and human health may encourage China to take more decisive action to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions and adapt to climate impacts.展开更多
This study aims to provide a brief overview of the history and development of global health education(GHE)as academic degree programs worldwide,and to identify GHE’s development opportunities and obstacles in China.T...This study aims to provide a brief overview of the history and development of global health education(GHE)as academic degree programs worldwide,and to identify GHE’s development opportunities and obstacles in China.This is a state-of-the-art review of published and unpublished information that described and evaluated disciplinary development of global health degree programs worldwide,written in English,and published or shared between 1990 and 2020.Data were derived from official websites of leading global health institutions,like“Google Scholar”,“PubMed”,and unpublished information such as presentation files and unpublished manuscripts collected from knowledgeable leaders in the field.We retrieved and reviewed a total of 35 articles and a large amount of unpublished information or sources on the internet.Global Health emerged as a new discipline around the end of the last millennium and proliferated in the last two decades in developed nations,especially the United States and the United Kingdom.The development of China’s GHE programs was built on China’s increasing engagement in global health affairs and research.In 2012,Wuhan University established the first official global health department in China.Several universities such as Peking University and Duke Kunshan University subsequently set up departments or programs to offer undergraduate and postgraduate majors and degrees.The first school-level global health unit was established in Shanghai in 2019.The Consortium of Chinese Universities for Global Health(CCUGH)grew from 10 founding members in 2013 to 25 in 2020.Major desirable attributes“unique”to students majoring in global health include global-mindedness,health interests,compassion,intercultural sensitivity,and adventurous spirit.Graduates from GHE programs have a diverse set of career choices spanning research,government,not-for-profit,and private sector occupations.We identified a number of strengths,weaknesses,opportunities,and threats to the future development of GHE in China.To ensure sustainable future growth,we advocate addressing the following key aspects:(1)clearer disciplinary distinctions;(2)multidisciplinary collaborations;(3)public-sector investments;and(4)non-public sectors participation.Amidst China’s increasing engagement in health affairs globally and the proliferation of GHE programs in developed nations,China has experienced fast growth in GHE degree programs since 2012 while a number of challenges remain for its future development.展开更多
By reflecting on the dualities al in Western human rights concepts,the right to health presents rich normative connotations in our country,and plays an important role in promoting,compelling and guiding individuals,go...By reflecting on the dualities al in Western human rights concepts,the right to health presents rich normative connotations in our country,and plays an important role in promoting,compelling and guiding individuals,governments and other participants.The expansion of the human rights movement and the advancement of medical technology since the end of World War II are the underlying reasons why the right to health has flourished in the field of international human rights law.Since the founding of the People’s Republic of China,China has gradually formed a relatively complete system of health laws and regulations in its Constitution.Faced with the challenges of COVID-19 prevention and control,China has clarified the value superiority of the right to health in the constitutional norms.At the same time,the concept,value and principles of the right to health are having an increasingly prominent influence on the system of civil law,criminal law,patent law and other departmental laws and regulations.展开更多
Background Pain sensitivity is critical for preventing non-suicidal self-injury(NSSI)behaviours;however,individuals engaging in such behaviours often exhibit decreased pain sensitivity,which may undermine this natural...Background Pain sensitivity is critical for preventing non-suicidal self-injury(NSSI)behaviours;however,individuals engaging in such behaviours often exhibit decreased pain sensitivity,which may undermine this natural safeguard.The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex(DLPFC)is a key region involved in pain regulation,and recent approaches using transcranial direct current stimulation(tDCS)to target the DLPFC have shown potential for modulating pain processing and restoring normal pain perception for individuals engaging in NSSI behaviours.Aims This study aimed to explore the immediate and short-term effects of a single session of tDCS on pain sensitivity in individuals with NSSI,as well as its secondary effects on mood and NSSI-related factors.Methods In this randomised,double-blind,parallel,sham-controlled clinical trial,participants with a history of NSSI were randomly assigned to receive either active or sham tDCS.The intervention consisted of a single 20 min tDCS session targeting the left DLPFC.The primary outcome was pain sensitivity,measured by the pressure pain threshold(PPT)and heat pain score(HPS).Secondary and additional outcomes included NSSI urges,NSSI resistance,self-efficacy in resisting NSSI,mood-related variables and exploratory cognitive-affective processes such as rumination,self-criticism and self-perceived pain sensitivity,assessed at baseline,immediately post-intervention,and at 24 hours,1 week and 2 weeks follow-ups.Results For the primary outcomes,no significant differences between groups were observed for pain sensitivity(PPT,padj=0.812;HPS,padj=0.608).However,an exploratory sensitivity analysis treating each trial as an individual observation revealed a significant effect on HPS(padj=0.036).For the secondary and additional outcomes,although there were initial improvements in joyful feelings and reductions in negative affect at 2 weeks post-intervention,these effects did not remain significant after multiple comparison corrections.Notably,reductions in rumination were statistically significant at both 1-week and 2-week follow-ups(1 week,p_(adj)=0.040;2 weeks,p_(adj)=0.042).There were no significant effects on NSSI urges,NSSI resistance,self-efficacy in resisting NSSI or self-criticism.Conclusions A single session of tDCS over the left DLPFC did not produce significant changes in pain sensitivity in individuals with NSSI.A sensitivity analysis indicated an effect on heat pain sensitivity,possibly reflecting changes in brain activity,warranting confirmation through neuroimaging.These findings suggest that tDCS warrants further investigation for its potential to influence pain-related cognitive-affective processes in individuals with NSSI.展开更多
Objective:This study aimed to describe the updated disease burden and temporal trends of stomach cancer(SC)and colorectal cancer(CRC),and to explore potential influence factors of the two cancers in the Western Pacifi...Objective:This study aimed to describe the updated disease burden and temporal trends of stomach cancer(SC)and colorectal cancer(CRC),and to explore potential influence factors of the two cancers in the Western Pacific region(WPR).Methods:Estimates of incidence,deaths,and disability-adjusted life years(DALYs)for SC and CRC were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.Trends in age-standardized incidence rates(ASIR),agestandardized mortality rates(ASMR),and age-standardized DALY rates(ASDR)were assessed.A decomposition analysis was conducted to quantify the role of three factors(i.e.,population aging,population growth,and epidemiological change)driving DALY changes between 2000 and 2021.Pearson correlation analysis was used to examine the association between cancer burden and Socio-demographic Index(SDI)at the national level in 2021.Results:In 2021,the WPR accounted for 61.77%of global incident SC cases and 43.07%of global incident CRC cases.From 2000 to 2021,the ASIR,ASMR,and ASDR of SC and the ASMR and ASDR of CRC decreased,whereas the ASIR of CRC increased by an average of 1.32%per year.Among the 31 WPR countries and territories,China had the highest number of incident cases,deaths,and DALYs for both cancers in 2021.Epidemiology change was the primary driver to the reduction of DALYs for SC,while population aging and population growth contributed to the increase of DALYs for CRC.Additionally,ASMR(r=-0.37,P=0.041)and ASDR(r=-0.43,P=0.016)of SC were negatively correlated with SDI in 2021,whereas positive correlations were observed between SDI and ASIR(r=0.74,P<0.001),ASMR(r=0.47,P=0.008),and ASDR(r=0.36,P=0.044)for CRC.Conclusions:SC and CRC continue to pose considerable public health threats in the WPR.Targeted prevention and control strategies should be prioritized,particularly in high-burden and resource-limited countries.展开更多
Against the backdrop of global warming,China has been facing increasingly frequent and severe extreme weather and climate events,with a prominent risk of compound extreme events induced by interactions among multiple ...Against the backdrop of global warming,China has been facing increasingly frequent and severe extreme weather and climate events,with a prominent risk of compound extreme events induced by interactions among multiple climate drivers and/or hazards.The present study first reviews the definition and classification of compound extreme events in China.Then,it summarizes research progress on the evolutionary characteristics,formation mechanisms,and future projections of different types of compound extreme events.The potential risks and possible impact pathways of three specific event types—namely,continuous day–night hot extremes,temperature–humidity compound events,and high-temperature–ozone compound events—on the health of the Chinese population are then explored.Finally,a framework for assessing the hazard risk of compound extreme events is constructed,accompanied by response strategies based on carbon neutrality targets.Building on existing research achievements,five future research directions are proposed:(1)identifying the risk chains of compound events;(2)addressing the constraints of observational records and coupled model performances;(3)attributing and understanding the drivers of compound extreme events;(4)finding optimal pathways for carbon reduction and air quality improvement;and(5)promoting inter-disciplinary,multi-regional,and cross-sectoral collaboration.Strengthening research in these directions will deepen our understanding of compound extreme events and provide technological support for climate change adaptation and health risk responses in China.展开更多
Compound extreme climate events involving multiple meteorological elements usually have a more severe impact on the environment and human health than single-element extreme events.However,the current definition of mul...Compound extreme climate events involving multiple meteorological elements usually have a more severe impact on the environment and human health than single-element extreme events.However,the current definition of multi-element compound extreme events is proposed from meteorological and statistical perspectives,without integrating health data,making the conclusions less practical for guiding health risk prevention.This study identified the threshold for hot–dry compound extreme events with high mortality risks(HMHDs)in China,using daily mortality data and temperature–humidity data from 278 districts or counties,and explored the interdecadal change and driving mechanisms of HMHD frequency in China from 1979 to 2021.The results show a significant increase in annual HMHD frequency in China after 2000,mainly occurring in summer(June,July,August).The northwestern to western regions of China(Xinjiang,Inner Mongolia,Gansu),and from the southwestern to the areas south of the Yangtze River(Sichuan,Hubei,Hunan,Jiangxi,Fujian,Guizhou,Yunnan),experience an increase of>10 days.The authors find that the interdecadal abrupt change in HMHD frequency can be attributed to the shift of the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation from a negative to a positive phase by affecting the Silk Road teleconnection.展开更多
Background Youth suicide has been a pressing public mental health concern in China,yet there is a lack of gatekeeper intervention programmes developed locally to prevent suicide among Chinese adolescents.Aims The curr...Background Youth suicide has been a pressing public mental health concern in China,yet there is a lack of gatekeeper intervention programmes developed locally to prevent suicide among Chinese adolescents.Aims The current Delphi study was the first step in the systematic development of the Life Gatekeeper programme,the first gatekeeper programme to be developed locally in China that aims to equip teachers and parents with the knowledge,skills and ability to identify and intervene with students at high risk of suicide.Methods The Delphi method was used to elicit a consensus of experts who were invited to evaluate the importance of training content,the feasibility of the training delivery method,the possibility of achieving the training goals and,finally,the appropriateness of the training materials.Two Delphi rounds were conducted among local experts with diversified professional backgrounds in suicide research and practice.Statements were accepted for inclusion in the adjusted training programme if they were endorsed by at least 80%of the panel.Results Consensus was achieved on 201 out of 207 statements for inclusion into the adapted guidelines for the gatekeeper programme,with 151 from the original questionnaire and 50 generated from comments of the panel members.These endorsed statements were synthesised to develop the content of the Life Gatekeeper training programme.Conclusions This Delphi study provided an evidence base for developing the first gatekeeper training programme systematically and locally in China.We hope that the current study can pave the way for more evidence-based suicide prevention programmes in China.Further study is warranted to evaluate the effectiveness of the Life Gatekeeper training programme.展开更多
Objective Hypertriglyceridemic waist(HW),hypertriglyceridemic waist-to-height ratio(HWHtR),and waist-to-hip ratio(WHR)have been shown to be indicators of cardiometabolic risk factors.However,it is not clear which indi...Objective Hypertriglyceridemic waist(HW),hypertriglyceridemic waist-to-height ratio(HWHtR),and waist-to-hip ratio(WHR)have been shown to be indicators of cardiometabolic risk factors.However,it is not clear which indicator is more suitable for children and adolescents.We aimed to investigate the relationship between HW,HWHtR,WHR,and cardiovascular risk factors clustering to determine the best screening tools for cardiometabolic risk in children and adolescents.Methods This was a national cross-sectional study.Anthropometric and biochemical variables were assessed in approximately 70,000 participants aged 6–18 years from seven provinces in China.Demographics,physical activity,dietary intake,and family history of chronic diseases were obtained through questionnaires.ANOVA,χ2 and logistic regression analysis was conducted.Results A significant sex difference was observed for HWHtR and WHR,but not for HW phenotype.The risk of cardiometabolic health risk factor clustering with HW phenotype or the HWHtR phenotype was significantly higher than that with the non-HW or non-HWHtR phenotypes among children and adolescents(HW:OR=12.22,95%CI:9.54-15.67;HWHtR:OR=9.70,95%CI:6.93-13.58).Compared with the HW and HWHtR phenotypes,the association between risk of cardiometabolic health risk factors(CHRF)clustering and high WHR was much weaker and not significant(WHR:OR=1.14,95%CI:0.97-1.34).Conclusion Compared with HWHtR and WHR,the HW phenotype is a more convenient indicator with higher applicability to screen children and adolescents for cardiovascular risk factors.展开更多
The first pandemic wave of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)induced a considerable increase in several antivirals and antibiotics in surface water.The common symptoms of COVID-19 are viral and bacterial infections,wh...The first pandemic wave of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)induced a considerable increase in several antivirals and antibiotics in surface water.The common symptoms of COVID-19 are viral and bacterial infections,while comorbidities(e.g.,hypertension and diabetes)and mental shock(e.g.,insomnia and anxiety)are nonnegligible.Nevertheless,little is known about the long-term impacts of comorbidities and mental shock on organic micropollutants(OMPs)in surface waters.Herein,we monitored 114 OMPs in surface water and wastewater treatment plants(WWTPs)in Wuhan,China,between 2019 and 2021.The pandemic-induced OMP pollution in surface water was confirmed by significant increases in 26 OMP concentrations.Significant increases in four antihypertensives and one diabetic drug suggest that the treatment of comorbidities may induce OMP pollution.Notably,cotinine(a metabolite of nicotine)increased 155 times to 187 ngL1,which might be associated with increased smoking.Additionally,the increases in zolpidem and sulpiride might be the result of worsened insomnia and depression.Hence,it is reasonable to note that mental-health protecting drugs/behavior also contributed to OMP pollution.Among the observed OMPs,telmisartan,lopinavir,and ritonavir were associated with significantly higher ecological risks because of their limited WWTP-removal rate and high ecotoxicity.This study provides new insights into the effects of comorbidities and mental shock on OMPs in surface water during a pandemic and highlights the need to monitor the fate of related pharmaceuticals in the aquatic environment and to improve their removal efficiencies in WWTPs。展开更多
Background:Uneven economic development has led to substantial health inequalities between Chinese provinces.The extent of,and factors underlying,between-province health inequalities have received little attention.Meth...Background:Uneven economic development has led to substantial health inequalities between Chinese provinces.The extent of,and factors underlying,between-province health inequalities have received little attention.Methods:Data from 15,278 respondents in Wave 2(2013)of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study(CHARLS)were used to investigate inequalities among people aged≥50 years in five health outcomes between 27 Chinese province-level administrative units.After characterizing the betweenprovince differences and the relevance of province effects,proportional change in variance between unadjusted and adjusted models was calculated to determine the percentage of between-province variance in health outcomes explained by province-level variables including measures of economic development and healthcare availability.Results:Although province effects explained<10%of overall variance in health outcomes,they underpinned large between-province inequalities among people aged≥50 years.Gross Regional Product per capita was more important than doctor density in explaining between-province variance in health outcomes,particularly depression symptoms and instrumental activities of daily living impairment.Conclusion:Policy efforts,including more equal distribution of healthcare personnel,may be warranted to reduce between-province health inequalities.展开更多
With the rapid global urbanization and increasing climate risks in urban environments,urban planning has emerged as a pivotal component of climate policy[1,2].Urban areas are significant contributors to greenhouse gas...With the rapid global urbanization and increasing climate risks in urban environments,urban planning has emerged as a pivotal component of climate policy[1,2].Urban areas are significant contributors to greenhouse gas emissions and highly vulnerable to climate change exposures.Urban planning crucially contributes to changing the behavior and dynamics of exposure to both indoor and outdoor air pollution.At the 28th United Nations Climate Change Conference(COP28),a declaration on health was adopted globally.展开更多
A series of measures to implement national volume‐based procurement(NVBP)and follow‐on NVBP in China have significantly reduced insulin prices and increased patient affordability.However,NVBP may lead to a higher bu...A series of measures to implement national volume‐based procurement(NVBP)and follow‐on NVBP in China have significantly reduced insulin prices and increased patient affordability.However,NVBP may lead to a higher burden of insulin‐related consumables(such as injection pens and needles),which might discourage patients from using insulin in the pooled list and increase the risk of needle reuse.This article emphasizes that it is essential NVBP be implemented for both drugs and consumables,which will contribute to the achievement of universal insulin access.展开更多
The association between sugar-sweetened beverages(SSBs)intake and hair loss condition might give scientific support for better dietary practices to prevent hair loss.We aimed to explore the association of SSBs intake ...The association between sugar-sweetened beverages(SSBs)intake and hair loss condition might give scientific support for better dietary practices to prevent hair loss.We aimed to explore the association of SSBs intake with the hair loss condition in women.This online cross-sectional study,conducted from January 2022 to April 2022,recruited 1169 women aged 18-45 years from 31 provinces on mainland of China.We u sed the updated version of the 15-item Beverage Intake Questionnaire(BEVQ-15)to evaluate the usual beverage consumption over the past month and the Hair-Shedding Visual Scale for Asian Women(HSVS-A)to evaluate the extent of hair shedding.We utilized binary logistic regression to assess the association between SSBs intake and hair loss.Among 1169 female participants with an average age of 27.2,there were 211(18.0%)participants with hair loss.Compared with participants who never drank SSBs,those who drank m ore than 7 times/week or 1000 mL/week were more likely to have hair loss,with an adjusted odds ratio(OR)of 2.25(95%confidence interval(CI)=1.32,3.83)or 2.22(95%CI=1.28,3.85).Furthermore,the m ediation effect of anxiety status on the association between SSBs and female hair loss was observed,with a significant indirect effect(β_(indirect)=0.0199,95%CI=0.0032,0.0418).In conclusion,our study showed that w omen who consumed higher amounts of SSBs had an increased risk of hair loss,which might attract more attention from young women and benefit from reducing SSBs consumption.Further longitudinal and interventional studies are still needed to confirm the current association and provide evidenced-based health education.展开更多
Ambient air pollution is increasingly being recognized as a risk factor for heart failure;however,its effects on cardiac biomarkers remain unclear.This scoping review assessed the existing evidence on the association ...Ambient air pollution is increasingly being recognized as a risk factor for heart failure;however,its effects on cardiac biomarkers remain unclear.This scoping review assessed the existing evidence on the association between air pollution and cardiac biomarkers in heart failure,described the key concepts,synthesized data,and identified research gaps.Following the PRISMA-ScR guidelines,PubMed,Embase,Web of Science,and CNKI databases were searched for studies on air pollution,heart failure,and biomarkers.A total of 765 records were screened,and 81 full texts were assessed for eligibility,resulting in 15 studies.The results showed that the exposure to particulate matter was associated with elevated N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide and troponin levels.Several studies have linked particulate matter exposure to a higher cardiovascular risk and heart failure biomarkers.Inflammatory and oxidative stress markers were consistently elevated across studies,supporting the biological relevance of these associations.However,few studies have focused specifically on populations with heart failure or clinically relevant biomarkers,and the evidence for gaseous pollutants remains inconclusive.These findings highlight the need to integrate environmental risk assessment into heart failure care and inform policy efforts to reduce the pollutionrelated cardiovascular burden.Further research should address these gaps through improved exposure assessments and the integration of mechanistic evidence.展开更多
Introduction Nitrous oxide(N2O/laughing gas)has been used in medical practice as an inhalational anaesthetic and analgesic for more than 150 years.1 In the past decades,N2O exhibited increasing popularity among recrea...Introduction Nitrous oxide(N2O/laughing gas)has been used in medical practice as an inhalational anaesthetic and analgesic for more than 150 years.1 In the past decades,N2O exhibited increasing popularity among recreational drug users for its euphoric effects,potentially through its interaction with the endogenous opioid system.2 Recreational use of N2O emerged as the seventh most used drug globally in the past decade.3 The use of N2O can cause myelopathy,myocardial injury,anaemia,severe mood disorders,sensory and motor neuropathy,and psychotic symptoms.45 Prolonged N2O intake results in vitamin B12 deficiency and inhibits methionine synthetase,folate and DNA production,leading to plasma homocysteine(HCY)level elevation and bone marrow haematopoietic dysfunction.6 This study aimed to investigate the neurological symptoms of nitrous oxide use and then explore the relapse trajectory and risk factors for relapse.展开更多
Objective The study aimed to analyze the applicability of the World Health Organization’s exclusionary guidelines for Urinary creatinine(Ucr)in the general Chinese population,and to identify Ucr related factors.Metho...Objective The study aimed to analyze the applicability of the World Health Organization’s exclusionary guidelines for Urinary creatinine(Ucr)in the general Chinese population,and to identify Ucr related factors.Methods We conduct a cross-sectional study using baseline data from 21,167 participants in the China National Human Biomonitoring Program.Mixed linear models and restricted cubic splines(RCS)were used to analyze the associations between explanatory variables and Ucr concentration.Results The geometric mean and median concentrations of Ucr in the general Chinese population were 0.90 g/L and 1.01 g/L,respectively.And 9.36%samples were outside 0.3-3.0 g/L,including 7.83%below the lower limit and 1.53%above the upper limit.Middle age,male,obesity,smoking,higher frequency of red meat consumption and chronic kidney disease were associated significantly with higher concentrations of Ucr.Results of the RCS showed Ucr was positively and linearly associated with body mass index,inversely and linearly associated with systolic blood pressure,diastolic blood pressure,triglycerides level,and glomerular filtration rate,and were non-linearly associated with triiodothyronine.Conclusion The age-and gender-specific cut-off values of Ucr that determine the validity of urine samples in the general Chinese population were recommended.To avoid introducing bias into epidemiologic associations,the potential predictors of Ucr observed in the current study should be considered when using Ucr to adjust for variations in urine dilution.展开更多
Dear Editor,This letter presents a novel data-driven trajectory planning and control scheme for the unmanned ground vehicles(UGVs).A recent work[1]has demonstrated the effectiveness of approximating the optimal state ...Dear Editor,This letter presents a novel data-driven trajectory planning and control scheme for the unmanned ground vehicles(UGVs).A recent work[1]has demonstrated the effectiveness of approximating the optimal state feedback for a nonlinear unmanned system via deep neural network(DNN).展开更多
Motion planning and control of autonomous mobile robots(AMRs)have attracted widespread attention in recent years.As the problem of aging intensifies,it is significant to develop AMRs for the wellbeing of old people.In...Motion planning and control of autonomous mobile robots(AMRs)have attracted widespread attention in recent years.As the problem of aging intensifies,it is significant to develop AMRs for the wellbeing of old people.In this paper,a novel long short-term memory(LSTM)-recurrent deep neural network(RDNN)based motion planning and control strategy with data aggregation mechanism is developed for autonomous wheelchairs(AWC)to send the seniors to the exit of the nursing home in a timely manner when emergencies happen.The proposed scheme is verified to be feasible,efficient and robust.展开更多
Background:Previous studies have reported associations of specific maternal and paternal lifestyle factors with offspring’s cognitive development during early childhood.This study aimed to investigate the prospective...Background:Previous studies have reported associations of specific maternal and paternal lifestyle factors with offspring’s cognitive development during early childhood.This study aimed to investigate the prospective associations between overall parental lifestyle and offspring’s cognitive performance during adolescence and young adulthood in China.Methods:We included 2531 adolescents aged 10-15 years at baseline in 2010 from the China Family Panel Studies.A healthy parental lifestyle score(ranged 0-5)was constructed based on the following five modifiable lifestyle factors:Smoking,drinking,exercise,sleep,and diet.Generalized estimating equation models were used to examine the association between baseline parental healthy lifestyle scores and offspring’s fluid and crystallized intelligence in subsequent years(2012,2014,2016,and 2018).Results:Offspring in the top tertile of parental healthy lifestyle scores performed better in overall fluid intelligence(multivariable-adjusted β=0.53,95%confidence interval[CI]:0.29-0.77)and overall crystallized intelligence(multivariable-adjusted β=0.35,95%CI:0.16-0.54)than those in the bottom tertile of parental healthy lifestyle scores.The results were similar after further adjustment for the offspring’s healthy lifestyle scores and persisted across the subgroups of parental socioeconomic status.Additionally,maternal and paternal healthy lifestyle scores were independently associated with better offspring’s cognitive performance,with significant contribution observed for paternal never-smoking,weekly exercise,and diversified diet.When both parents and offspring adhered to a healthier lifestyle,we observed the highest level of the offspring’s overall crystallized intelligence.Conclusions:Our study indicates that parental adherence to a healthier lifestyle is associated with significantly better offspring’s cognitive performance during adolescence and early adulthood,regardless of socioeconomic status.These findings highlight the potential cognitive benefits of promoting healthy lifestyles among parents of adolescents.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82025030,No.72394404)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFC3702700)the National Research Program for Key Issues in Air Pollution Control of China(No.DQGG0401).
文摘As global greenhouse gases continue rising,the urgency of more ambitious action is clearer than ever before.China is the world’s biggest emitter of greenhouse gases and one of the countries affected most by climate change.The evidence about the impacts of climate change on the environment and human health may encourage China to take more decisive action to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions and adapt to climate impacts.
基金partially funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.NSFC 71774075).
文摘This study aims to provide a brief overview of the history and development of global health education(GHE)as academic degree programs worldwide,and to identify GHE’s development opportunities and obstacles in China.This is a state-of-the-art review of published and unpublished information that described and evaluated disciplinary development of global health degree programs worldwide,written in English,and published or shared between 1990 and 2020.Data were derived from official websites of leading global health institutions,like“Google Scholar”,“PubMed”,and unpublished information such as presentation files and unpublished manuscripts collected from knowledgeable leaders in the field.We retrieved and reviewed a total of 35 articles and a large amount of unpublished information or sources on the internet.Global Health emerged as a new discipline around the end of the last millennium and proliferated in the last two decades in developed nations,especially the United States and the United Kingdom.The development of China’s GHE programs was built on China’s increasing engagement in global health affairs and research.In 2012,Wuhan University established the first official global health department in China.Several universities such as Peking University and Duke Kunshan University subsequently set up departments or programs to offer undergraduate and postgraduate majors and degrees.The first school-level global health unit was established in Shanghai in 2019.The Consortium of Chinese Universities for Global Health(CCUGH)grew from 10 founding members in 2013 to 25 in 2020.Major desirable attributes“unique”to students majoring in global health include global-mindedness,health interests,compassion,intercultural sensitivity,and adventurous spirit.Graduates from GHE programs have a diverse set of career choices spanning research,government,not-for-profit,and private sector occupations.We identified a number of strengths,weaknesses,opportunities,and threats to the future development of GHE in China.To ensure sustainable future growth,we advocate addressing the following key aspects:(1)clearer disciplinary distinctions;(2)multidisciplinary collaborations;(3)public-sector investments;and(4)non-public sectors participation.Amidst China’s increasing engagement in health affairs globally and the proliferation of GHE programs in developed nations,China has experienced fast growth in GHE degree programs since 2012 while a number of challenges remain for its future development.
文摘By reflecting on the dualities al in Western human rights concepts,the right to health presents rich normative connotations in our country,and plays an important role in promoting,compelling and guiding individuals,governments and other participants.The expansion of the human rights movement and the advancement of medical technology since the end of World War II are the underlying reasons why the right to health has flourished in the field of international human rights law.Since the founding of the People’s Republic of China,China has gradually formed a relatively complete system of health laws and regulations in its Constitution.Faced with the challenges of COVID-19 prevention and control,China has clarified the value superiority of the right to health in the constitutional norms.At the same time,the concept,value and principles of the right to health are having an increasingly prominent influence on the system of civil law,criminal law,patent law and other departmental laws and regulations.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(82471564)YT is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(32322035,32171078).
文摘Background Pain sensitivity is critical for preventing non-suicidal self-injury(NSSI)behaviours;however,individuals engaging in such behaviours often exhibit decreased pain sensitivity,which may undermine this natural safeguard.The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex(DLPFC)is a key region involved in pain regulation,and recent approaches using transcranial direct current stimulation(tDCS)to target the DLPFC have shown potential for modulating pain processing and restoring normal pain perception for individuals engaging in NSSI behaviours.Aims This study aimed to explore the immediate and short-term effects of a single session of tDCS on pain sensitivity in individuals with NSSI,as well as its secondary effects on mood and NSSI-related factors.Methods In this randomised,double-blind,parallel,sham-controlled clinical trial,participants with a history of NSSI were randomly assigned to receive either active or sham tDCS.The intervention consisted of a single 20 min tDCS session targeting the left DLPFC.The primary outcome was pain sensitivity,measured by the pressure pain threshold(PPT)and heat pain score(HPS).Secondary and additional outcomes included NSSI urges,NSSI resistance,self-efficacy in resisting NSSI,mood-related variables and exploratory cognitive-affective processes such as rumination,self-criticism and self-perceived pain sensitivity,assessed at baseline,immediately post-intervention,and at 24 hours,1 week and 2 weeks follow-ups.Results For the primary outcomes,no significant differences between groups were observed for pain sensitivity(PPT,padj=0.812;HPS,padj=0.608).However,an exploratory sensitivity analysis treating each trial as an individual observation revealed a significant effect on HPS(padj=0.036).For the secondary and additional outcomes,although there were initial improvements in joyful feelings and reductions in negative affect at 2 weeks post-intervention,these effects did not remain significant after multiple comparison corrections.Notably,reductions in rumination were statistically significant at both 1-week and 2-week follow-ups(1 week,p_(adj)=0.040;2 weeks,p_(adj)=0.042).There were no significant effects on NSSI urges,NSSI resistance,self-efficacy in resisting NSSI or self-criticism.Conclusions A single session of tDCS over the left DLPFC did not produce significant changes in pain sensitivity in individuals with NSSI.A sensitivity analysis indicated an effect on heat pain sensitivity,possibly reflecting changes in brain activity,warranting confirmation through neuroimaging.These findings suggest that tDCS warrants further investigation for its potential to influence pain-related cognitive-affective processes in individuals with NSSI.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.72441022)the Tsinghua University Initiative Scientific Research Program of Precision Medicine(No.2022ZLA001)。
文摘Objective:This study aimed to describe the updated disease burden and temporal trends of stomach cancer(SC)and colorectal cancer(CRC),and to explore potential influence factors of the two cancers in the Western Pacific region(WPR).Methods:Estimates of incidence,deaths,and disability-adjusted life years(DALYs)for SC and CRC were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.Trends in age-standardized incidence rates(ASIR),agestandardized mortality rates(ASMR),and age-standardized DALY rates(ASDR)were assessed.A decomposition analysis was conducted to quantify the role of three factors(i.e.,population aging,population growth,and epidemiological change)driving DALY changes between 2000 and 2021.Pearson correlation analysis was used to examine the association between cancer burden and Socio-demographic Index(SDI)at the national level in 2021.Results:In 2021,the WPR accounted for 61.77%of global incident SC cases and 43.07%of global incident CRC cases.From 2000 to 2021,the ASIR,ASMR,and ASDR of SC and the ASMR and ASDR of CRC decreased,whereas the ASIR of CRC increased by an average of 1.32%per year.Among the 31 WPR countries and territories,China had the highest number of incident cases,deaths,and DALYs for both cancers in 2021.Epidemiology change was the primary driver to the reduction of DALYs for SC,while population aging and population growth contributed to the increase of DALYs for CRC.Additionally,ASMR(r=-0.37,P=0.041)and ASDR(r=-0.43,P=0.016)of SC were negatively correlated with SDI in 2021,whereas positive correlations were observed between SDI and ASIR(r=0.74,P<0.001),ASMR(r=0.47,P=0.008),and ASDR(r=0.36,P=0.044)for CRC.Conclusions:SC and CRC continue to pose considerable public health threats in the WPR.Targeted prevention and control strategies should be prioritized,particularly in high-burden and resource-limited countries.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China[grant numbers 42141019 and 42261144687]An Investigation Research Program between Ecological Environment and Human Health in Wuyi Mountain[grant number 20242120035]Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province,China[grant number 2024AF-B115]。
文摘Against the backdrop of global warming,China has been facing increasingly frequent and severe extreme weather and climate events,with a prominent risk of compound extreme events induced by interactions among multiple climate drivers and/or hazards.The present study first reviews the definition and classification of compound extreme events in China.Then,it summarizes research progress on the evolutionary characteristics,formation mechanisms,and future projections of different types of compound extreme events.The potential risks and possible impact pathways of three specific event types—namely,continuous day–night hot extremes,temperature–humidity compound events,and high-temperature–ozone compound events—on the health of the Chinese population are then explored.Finally,a framework for assessing the hazard risk of compound extreme events is constructed,accompanied by response strategies based on carbon neutrality targets.Building on existing research achievements,five future research directions are proposed:(1)identifying the risk chains of compound events;(2)addressing the constraints of observational records and coupled model performances;(3)attributing and understanding the drivers of compound extreme events;(4)finding optimal pathways for carbon reduction and air quality improvement;and(5)promoting inter-disciplinary,multi-regional,and cross-sectoral collaboration.Strengthening research in these directions will deepen our understanding of compound extreme events and provide technological support for climate change adaptation and health risk responses in China.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China[grant number U2442202]the National Key Research and Development Program of China[grant number 2018YFA0606200]+1 种基金the Guangdong Major Project of Basic and Applied Basic Research[grant number 2020B0301030004]the Science and Technology Project of the Tibet Autonomous Region[grant number XZ202402ZD0006-06]。
文摘Compound extreme climate events involving multiple meteorological elements usually have a more severe impact on the environment and human health than single-element extreme events.However,the current definition of multi-element compound extreme events is proposed from meteorological and statistical perspectives,without integrating health data,making the conclusions less practical for guiding health risk prevention.This study identified the threshold for hot–dry compound extreme events with high mortality risks(HMHDs)in China,using daily mortality data and temperature–humidity data from 278 districts or counties,and explored the interdecadal change and driving mechanisms of HMHD frequency in China from 1979 to 2021.The results show a significant increase in annual HMHD frequency in China after 2000,mainly occurring in summer(June,July,August).The northwestern to western regions of China(Xinjiang,Inner Mongolia,Gansu),and from the southwestern to the areas south of the Yangtze River(Sichuan,Hubei,Hunan,Jiangxi,Fujian,Guizhou,Yunnan),experience an increase of>10 days.The authors find that the interdecadal abrupt change in HMHD frequency can be attributed to the shift of the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation from a negative to a positive phase by affecting the Silk Road teleconnection.
基金funding from Research Fund of VankeSchool of Public Health(100009001)funding from Shuimu Tsinghua Scholarfunding from Beijing High Level Public HealthTechnical Specialist Development Fund(Discipline backbone-02-07).
文摘Background Youth suicide has been a pressing public mental health concern in China,yet there is a lack of gatekeeper intervention programmes developed locally to prevent suicide among Chinese adolescents.Aims The current Delphi study was the first step in the systematic development of the Life Gatekeeper programme,the first gatekeeper programme to be developed locally in China that aims to equip teachers and parents with the knowledge,skills and ability to identify and intervene with students at high risk of suicide.Methods The Delphi method was used to elicit a consensus of experts who were invited to evaluate the importance of training content,the feasibility of the training delivery method,the possibility of achieving the training goals and,finally,the appropriateness of the training materials.Two Delphi rounds were conducted among local experts with diversified professional backgrounds in suicide research and practice.Statements were accepted for inclusion in the adjusted training programme if they were endorsed by at least 80%of the panel.Results Consensus was achieved on 201 out of 207 statements for inclusion into the adapted guidelines for the gatekeeper programme,with 151 from the original questionnaire and 50 generated from comments of the panel members.These endorsed statements were synthesised to develop the content of the Life Gatekeeper training programme.Conclusions This Delphi study provided an evidence base for developing the first gatekeeper training programme systematically and locally in China.We hope that the current study can pave the way for more evidence-based suicide prevention programmes in China.Further study is warranted to evaluate the effectiveness of the Life Gatekeeper training programme.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China[no.81903336,Yi-de Yang]the Health Research Project of Hunan Provincial Health Commission[no.202112031516,Yi-de Yang]+3 种基金Scientific Research Fund of Hunan Provincial Education Department[no.22B0038,Yi-de Yang]the Research Team for Reproduction Health and Translational Medicine of Hunan Normal University[2023JC101]Key Project of Developmental Biology and Breeding from Hunan Province[no.2022XKQ0205]Open Project for Postgraduates of Hunan Normal University[no.KF2022019,Tianli Xiao].
文摘Objective Hypertriglyceridemic waist(HW),hypertriglyceridemic waist-to-height ratio(HWHtR),and waist-to-hip ratio(WHR)have been shown to be indicators of cardiometabolic risk factors.However,it is not clear which indicator is more suitable for children and adolescents.We aimed to investigate the relationship between HW,HWHtR,WHR,and cardiovascular risk factors clustering to determine the best screening tools for cardiometabolic risk in children and adolescents.Methods This was a national cross-sectional study.Anthropometric and biochemical variables were assessed in approximately 70,000 participants aged 6–18 years from seven provinces in China.Demographics,physical activity,dietary intake,and family history of chronic diseases were obtained through questionnaires.ANOVA,χ2 and logistic regression analysis was conducted.Results A significant sex difference was observed for HWHtR and WHR,but not for HW phenotype.The risk of cardiometabolic health risk factor clustering with HW phenotype or the HWHtR phenotype was significantly higher than that with the non-HW or non-HWHtR phenotypes among children and adolescents(HW:OR=12.22,95%CI:9.54-15.67;HWHtR:OR=9.70,95%CI:6.93-13.58).Compared with the HW and HWHtR phenotypes,the association between risk of cardiometabolic health risk factors(CHRF)clustering and high WHR was much weaker and not significant(WHR:OR=1.14,95%CI:0.97-1.34).Conclusion Compared with HWHtR and WHR,the HW phenotype is a more convenient indicator with higher applicability to screen children and adolescents for cardiovascular risk factors.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52221004,52091542,and 51820105011)the Scientific Research Project of China Three Gorges Corporation(201903139)the Research Fund of Vanke School of Public Health(2021JC009),Tsinghua University.
文摘The first pandemic wave of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)induced a considerable increase in several antivirals and antibiotics in surface water.The common symptoms of COVID-19 are viral and bacterial infections,while comorbidities(e.g.,hypertension and diabetes)and mental shock(e.g.,insomnia and anxiety)are nonnegligible.Nevertheless,little is known about the long-term impacts of comorbidities and mental shock on organic micropollutants(OMPs)in surface waters.Herein,we monitored 114 OMPs in surface water and wastewater treatment plants(WWTPs)in Wuhan,China,between 2019 and 2021.The pandemic-induced OMP pollution in surface water was confirmed by significant increases in 26 OMP concentrations.Significant increases in four antihypertensives and one diabetic drug suggest that the treatment of comorbidities may induce OMP pollution.Notably,cotinine(a metabolite of nicotine)increased 155 times to 187 ngL1,which might be associated with increased smoking.Additionally,the increases in zolpidem and sulpiride might be the result of worsened insomnia and depression.Hence,it is reasonable to note that mental-health protecting drugs/behavior also contributed to OMP pollution.Among the observed OMPs,telmisartan,lopinavir,and ritonavir were associated with significantly higher ecological risks because of their limited WWTP-removal rate and high ecotoxicity.This study provides new insights into the effects of comorbidities and mental shock on OMPs in surface water during a pandemic and highlights the need to monitor the fate of related pharmaceuticals in the aquatic environment and to improve their removal efficiencies in WWTPs。
基金supported by the Behavioral and Social Research division of the National Institute on Aging(grant numbers 1-R21-AG031372-01,1-R01-AG037031-01,and 3-R01AG037031-03S1)the Natural Science Foundation of China(grant numbers 70910107022,71130002 and 71273237)+2 种基金the World Bank(contract numbers 7145915 and 7159234)the China Medical BoardPeking University.
文摘Background:Uneven economic development has led to substantial health inequalities between Chinese provinces.The extent of,and factors underlying,between-province health inequalities have received little attention.Methods:Data from 15,278 respondents in Wave 2(2013)of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study(CHARLS)were used to investigate inequalities among people aged≥50 years in five health outcomes between 27 Chinese province-level administrative units.After characterizing the betweenprovince differences and the relevance of province effects,proportional change in variance between unadjusted and adjusted models was calculated to determine the percentage of between-province variance in health outcomes explained by province-level variables including measures of economic development and healthcare availability.Results:Although province effects explained<10%of overall variance in health outcomes,they underpinned large between-province inequalities among people aged≥50 years.Gross Regional Product per capita was more important than doctor density in explaining between-province variance in health outcomes,particularly depression symptoms and instrumental activities of daily living impairment.Conclusion:Policy efforts,including more equal distribution of healthcare personnel,may be warranted to reduce between-province health inequalities.
基金funded by the Hang Lung Center for Real Estate,Tsinghua University,China.
文摘With the rapid global urbanization and increasing climate risks in urban environments,urban planning has emerged as a pivotal component of climate policy[1,2].Urban areas are significant contributors to greenhouse gas emissions and highly vulnerable to climate change exposures.Urban planning crucially contributes to changing the behavior and dynamics of exposure to both indoor and outdoor air pollution.At the 28th United Nations Climate Change Conference(COP28),a declaration on health was adopted globally.
基金SUSTech Medical Research Innovation Project,Grant/Award Number:G030410001National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Number:72342016+1 种基金Shenzhen Science and Technology Program,Grant/Award Number:JCYJ20250604144558076China Scholarship Council Scholarship,Grant/Award Number:202506280122。
文摘A series of measures to implement national volume‐based procurement(NVBP)and follow‐on NVBP in China have significantly reduced insulin prices and increased patient affordability.However,NVBP may lead to a higher burden of insulin‐related consumables(such as injection pens and needles),which might discourage patients from using insulin in the pooled list and increase the risk of needle reuse.This article emphasizes that it is essential NVBP be implemented for both drugs and consumables,which will contribute to the achievement of universal insulin access.
文摘The association between sugar-sweetened beverages(SSBs)intake and hair loss condition might give scientific support for better dietary practices to prevent hair loss.We aimed to explore the association of SSBs intake with the hair loss condition in women.This online cross-sectional study,conducted from January 2022 to April 2022,recruited 1169 women aged 18-45 years from 31 provinces on mainland of China.We u sed the updated version of the 15-item Beverage Intake Questionnaire(BEVQ-15)to evaluate the usual beverage consumption over the past month and the Hair-Shedding Visual Scale for Asian Women(HSVS-A)to evaluate the extent of hair shedding.We utilized binary logistic regression to assess the association between SSBs intake and hair loss.Among 1169 female participants with an average age of 27.2,there were 211(18.0%)participants with hair loss.Compared with participants who never drank SSBs,those who drank m ore than 7 times/week or 1000 mL/week were more likely to have hair loss,with an adjusted odds ratio(OR)of 2.25(95%confidence interval(CI)=1.32,3.83)or 2.22(95%CI=1.28,3.85).Furthermore,the m ediation effect of anxiety status on the association between SSBs and female hair loss was observed,with a significant indirect effect(β_(indirect)=0.0199,95%CI=0.0032,0.0418).In conclusion,our study showed that w omen who consumed higher amounts of SSBs had an increased risk of hair loss,which might attract more attention from young women and benefit from reducing SSBs consumption.Further longitudinal and interventional studies are still needed to confirm the current association and provide evidenced-based health education.
文摘Ambient air pollution is increasingly being recognized as a risk factor for heart failure;however,its effects on cardiac biomarkers remain unclear.This scoping review assessed the existing evidence on the association between air pollution and cardiac biomarkers in heart failure,described the key concepts,synthesized data,and identified research gaps.Following the PRISMA-ScR guidelines,PubMed,Embase,Web of Science,and CNKI databases were searched for studies on air pollution,heart failure,and biomarkers.A total of 765 records were screened,and 81 full texts were assessed for eligibility,resulting in 15 studies.The results showed that the exposure to particulate matter was associated with elevated N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide and troponin levels.Several studies have linked particulate matter exposure to a higher cardiovascular risk and heart failure biomarkers.Inflammatory and oxidative stress markers were consistently elevated across studies,supporting the biological relevance of these associations.However,few studies have focused specifically on populations with heart failure or clinically relevant biomarkers,and the evidence for gaseous pollutants remains inconclusive.These findings highlight the need to integrate environmental risk assessment into heart failure care and inform policy efforts to reduce the pollutionrelated cardiovascular burden.Further research should address these gaps through improved exposure assessments and the integration of mechanistic evidence.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China grant(32241015,81822017)the Lingang Laboratory(LG-QS-202203-10)+1 种基金the Shanghai Municipal Education Commission-Gaofeng Clinical Medicine Grant Support(20181715)the Shanghai Municipal Commission of Health(2022JC016).
文摘Introduction Nitrous oxide(N2O/laughing gas)has been used in medical practice as an inhalational anaesthetic and analgesic for more than 150 years.1 In the past decades,N2O exhibited increasing popularity among recreational drug users for its euphoric effects,potentially through its interaction with the endogenous opioid system.2 Recreational use of N2O emerged as the seventh most used drug globally in the past decade.3 The use of N2O can cause myelopathy,myocardial injury,anaemia,severe mood disorders,sensory and motor neuropathy,and psychotic symptoms.45 Prolonged N2O intake results in vitamin B12 deficiency and inhibits methionine synthetase,folate and DNA production,leading to plasma homocysteine(HCY)level elevation and bone marrow haematopoietic dysfunction.6 This study aimed to investigate the neurological symptoms of nitrous oxide use and then explore the relapse trajectory and risk factors for relapse.
基金supported by the National Health Commission Public Health Special Program of China[grant number:131031108000160004]
文摘Objective The study aimed to analyze the applicability of the World Health Organization’s exclusionary guidelines for Urinary creatinine(Ucr)in the general Chinese population,and to identify Ucr related factors.Methods We conduct a cross-sectional study using baseline data from 21,167 participants in the China National Human Biomonitoring Program.Mixed linear models and restricted cubic splines(RCS)were used to analyze the associations between explanatory variables and Ucr concentration.Results The geometric mean and median concentrations of Ucr in the general Chinese population were 0.90 g/L and 1.01 g/L,respectively.And 9.36%samples were outside 0.3-3.0 g/L,including 7.83%below the lower limit and 1.53%above the upper limit.Middle age,male,obesity,smoking,higher frequency of red meat consumption and chronic kidney disease were associated significantly with higher concentrations of Ucr.Results of the RCS showed Ucr was positively and linearly associated with body mass index,inversely and linearly associated with systolic blood pressure,diastolic blood pressure,triglycerides level,and glomerular filtration rate,and were non-linearly associated with triiodothyronine.Conclusion The age-and gender-specific cut-off values of Ucr that determine the validity of urine samples in the general Chinese population were recommended.To avoid introducing bias into epidemiologic associations,the potential predictors of Ucr observed in the current study should be considered when using Ucr to adjust for variations in urine dilution.
文摘Dear Editor,This letter presents a novel data-driven trajectory planning and control scheme for the unmanned ground vehicles(UGVs).A recent work[1]has demonstrated the effectiveness of approximating the optimal state feedback for a nonlinear unmanned system via deep neural network(DNN).
基金supported by the Sanming Project of Medicine in Shenzhen(No.SZSM202111001)。
文摘Motion planning and control of autonomous mobile robots(AMRs)have attracted widespread attention in recent years.As the problem of aging intensifies,it is significant to develop AMRs for the wellbeing of old people.In this paper,a novel long short-term memory(LSTM)-recurrent deep neural network(RDNN)based motion planning and control strategy with data aggregation mechanism is developed for autonomous wheelchairs(AWC)to send the seniors to the exit of the nursing home in a timely manner when emergencies happen.The proposed scheme is verified to be feasible,efficient and robust.
基金supported by grants from the Zhejiang University Education Foundation Global Partnership Fund(to CZY)the Key Laboratory of Intelligent Preventive Medicine of Zhejiang Province(No.2020E10004).
文摘Background:Previous studies have reported associations of specific maternal and paternal lifestyle factors with offspring’s cognitive development during early childhood.This study aimed to investigate the prospective associations between overall parental lifestyle and offspring’s cognitive performance during adolescence and young adulthood in China.Methods:We included 2531 adolescents aged 10-15 years at baseline in 2010 from the China Family Panel Studies.A healthy parental lifestyle score(ranged 0-5)was constructed based on the following five modifiable lifestyle factors:Smoking,drinking,exercise,sleep,and diet.Generalized estimating equation models were used to examine the association between baseline parental healthy lifestyle scores and offspring’s fluid and crystallized intelligence in subsequent years(2012,2014,2016,and 2018).Results:Offspring in the top tertile of parental healthy lifestyle scores performed better in overall fluid intelligence(multivariable-adjusted β=0.53,95%confidence interval[CI]:0.29-0.77)and overall crystallized intelligence(multivariable-adjusted β=0.35,95%CI:0.16-0.54)than those in the bottom tertile of parental healthy lifestyle scores.The results were similar after further adjustment for the offspring’s healthy lifestyle scores and persisted across the subgroups of parental socioeconomic status.Additionally,maternal and paternal healthy lifestyle scores were independently associated with better offspring’s cognitive performance,with significant contribution observed for paternal never-smoking,weekly exercise,and diversified diet.When both parents and offspring adhered to a healthier lifestyle,we observed the highest level of the offspring’s overall crystallized intelligence.Conclusions:Our study indicates that parental adherence to a healthier lifestyle is associated with significantly better offspring’s cognitive performance during adolescence and early adulthood,regardless of socioeconomic status.These findings highlight the potential cognitive benefits of promoting healthy lifestyles among parents of adolescents.
