Background Delirium is a form of acute brain dysfunction and geriatric patients are particularly vulnerable to this health problem.The aim of the study was to assess the incidence of delirium and determine the risk fa...Background Delirium is a form of acute brain dysfunction and geriatric patients are particularly vulnerable to this health problem.The aim of the study was to assess the incidence of delirium and determine the risk factors for delirium in patients≥60 years of age hospitalized due to acute myocardial infarction(AMI).Methods The study included 405 consecutive patients(mean age:73.1±8.5,males:61%)hospitalized due to AMI divided and characterized according to the in-hospital delirium presence.Results Of 405 patients,57(14%,mean age:80.9±7.3,males:58%)experienced delirium.Patients with delirium were older(80.9±7.3 vs.71.82±8.1 years),all of them presented multimorbidity,they more frequently used polypharmacy(96.5 vs.30.2%)and their hospitalization was longer(8.0±1.4 vs.4.6±1.0 days)as compared to the patients without delirium.Patients with delirium more frequently experience periprocedural complications as well as the in-hospital reversible problems:fever(40.4 vs.0.9%),infections(78.9 vs.3.7%),pulmonary oedema(73.7 vs.0.6%),hypoxemia(91.1 vs.98.3%),urinary catheter(96.5 vs.17.2%),dehydration(89.5 vs.6.6%),and insomnia(71.9 vs.0.3%)compared to patients without delirium(P<0.001 for all).Valvular heart disease(OR=4.78;95%CI:1.10-2.70;P<0.001,pulmonary oedema(OR=66.79;95%CI:12.04-370.34,P<0.001),and dehydration(OR=37.26;95%CI:10.50-132.27,P<0.001)were risk factors for delirium occurrence.Conclusions The in-hospital course of AMI is complicated by delirium occurrence in 14%of patients≥60 years old.Recognizing and modification of potential,reversible risk factors associated with AMI can reduce the risk of delirium.展开更多
Desertification poses severe threats to socio-ecological resilience in arid regions,yet systematic quantification of desertification control efficiency remains limited.This study addressed this gap by developing an in...Desertification poses severe threats to socio-ecological resilience in arid regions,yet systematic quantification of desertification control efficiency remains limited.This study addressed this gap by developing an integrated Data Envelopment Analysis(DEA)Malmquist index to assess the spatiotemporal dynamics of desertification control efficiency in Hotan Prefecture(a hyper-arid region)of China from 2005 to 2023.To achieve this goal,we analyzed 5 indices spanning the total factor productivity,technical change,efficiency change,pure efficiency change,and scale efficiency change across 7 counties and 1 city in Hotan Prefecture.Results revealed that the growth rate of the total factor productivity is 12.0%,which is driven primarily by technical change and management optimization.However,significant spatiotemporal heterogeneity emerged.Temporally,rapid early gains during 2005–2010,with the total factor productivity value of 1.372,were dominated by technological progress,where technical change reached 1.291,while scale efficiency change helped sustain progress between 2010 and 2015.A recent decline in the total factor productivity to 0.987 during 2015–2023 underscored the risks associated with technological stagnation.Spatially,Qira County achieved the highest growth rate of the total factor productivity at 33.7%through dual advances in technology and management,which stands in sharp contrast to Moyu County's stagnation,where the total factor productivity reached only 1.029,reflecting the minimal growth rate of 2.9%.Furthermore,scale expansion change proved beneficial in Pishan County but counterproductive in Qira County.Based on these findings,this study proposes targeted policy recommendations to enhance desertification control efficiency in hyper-arid regions like Hotan Prefecture.It emphasizes the importance of continuous technological innovation,particularly water-saving and adaptive techniques to counteract declining productivity.Differentiated spatial strategies are essential,with tailored interventions for high-risk northern areas and scaling successful models from higher-efficiency southern zones.Optimizing project scale based on ecological carrying capacity rather than uncontrolled expansion is urged,along with strengthening cross-regional water resource coordination.Finally,establishing a data-driven monitoring and decision-support system could enable dynamic efficiency evaluations and evidence-based policy planning.This study provides a critical methodological framework for systematically quantifying desertification control efficiency in hyper-arid regions,establishing an empirical foundation for targeted ecological governance.展开更多
BACKGROUND Atrial fibrillation(AF)stands as the most prevalent type of arrhythmia,affecting approximately 60 million individuals world-wide.Although antiarrhythmic drugs(AADs)remain the gold standard for AF treatment,...BACKGROUND Atrial fibrillation(AF)stands as the most prevalent type of arrhythmia,affecting approximately 60 million individuals world-wide.Although antiarrhythmic drugs(AADs)remain the gold standard for AF treatment,glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists(GLP-1 RAs)are arising as potential therapeutic alternatives.AIM To evaluate the impact of GLP-1 RAs on the incidence of AF.METHODS Inclusion criteria included systematic reviews(SRs)that based their analyses on clinical trials,observational studies,controlled trials and network meta-analyses.A total of 8 SRs were selected for data extraction,focusing on semaglutide,liraglutide and dulaglutide.Additionally,the effects of GLP-1 RAs on AF incidence were compared with those of sodium-glucose co-transporter 2(SGLT2)inhibitors.RESULTS Findings indicate that semaglutide,evaluated in the largest patient cohort across the 8 SRs,consistently reduced AF incidence.However,dulaglutide and liraglutide exhibited inconsistent effects.Notably,as opposed to variable outcomes associated with GLP-1 RAs,SGLT2 inhibitors a class of antidiabetic agents with weight-reducing properties exhibit significant cardiovascular benefits,including reductions in both AF and atrial flutter.CONCLUSION GLP-1 RAs emerge as a promising and potential alternative for AADs in reduction of incidence of AF.However,further research is required to fully determine their therapeutic potential and long-term cardiovascular effects.展开更多
Decays of charmonium into hyperon and antihyperon pairs provide a pristine laboratory for exploring hyperon properties,such as their polarization and decay parameters,and for conducting tests of fundamental symmetries...Decays of charmonium into hyperon and antihyperon pairs provide a pristine laboratory for exploring hyperon properties,such as their polarization and decay parameters,and for conducting tests of fundamental symmetries.This brief review highlights the significant progress made in precise tests of CP symmetry at BESIII using entangled hyperon-antihyperon pairs。展开更多
BACKGROUND Liver cancer poses a significant public health threat.The difference between disease patterns and national policies is crucial to elucidating factors influencing hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)incidence.AIM T...BACKGROUND Liver cancer poses a significant public health threat.The difference between disease patterns and national policies is crucial to elucidating factors influencing hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)incidence.AIM To investigate the secular trend and disease pattern of liver cancer in Taiwan of China,Poland,and Belgium.METHODS This population-based cohort study presents the incidence,period,and cohort effects in HCC incidence between 2000 and 2019 in Taiwan of China,Poland,and Flanders,Belgium.Data on HCC were obtained from cancer registry data from Taiwan of China,Poland,and regional data from Belgium.Age-standardized incidence rates(ASIRs),annual per-centage changes,and age-period-cohort analyses were conducted by sex and period.RESULTS Taiwan of China’s ASIR decreased from 2000 to 2019(males:55.17 to 43.42,females:21.91 to 16.20,per 100000).In Poland,ASIR declined from 2000 to 2019(males:3.21 to 2.77,females:1.95 to 1.32,per 100000).However,Flanders experienced an increase in ASIR from 2000 to 2019(males:2.66 to 5.63,females:1.40 to 2.20,per 100000).In Taiwan of China,the cohort effect rate ratio increased from 1915 to 1935(males:1.02 to 1.36,females:1.04 to 1.54)and decreased from 1935 to 1989(males:1.36 to 0.22,females:1.54 to 0.20).In Poland,rate ratios consistently decreased(males:1.75 to 0.25,females:3.46 to 0.26).Flanders exhibited an increase in both males(0.14 to 2.52,1915 to 1975)and females(0.53 to 3.66,1915 to 1989).CONCLUSION Taiwan of China and Poland’s declining ASIR may be due to effective hepatitis B virus immunization and viral hepatitis therapy.Flanders’persistent increase may be tied to higher HCC risk in high hepatitis C virus risk populations.展开更多
Nodular regenerative hyperplasia(NRH)is a rare liver condition characterized by a widespread benign transformation of the hepatic parenchyma into small regenerative nodules.NRH may lead to the development of non-cirrh...Nodular regenerative hyperplasia(NRH)is a rare liver condition characterized by a widespread benign transformation of the hepatic parenchyma into small regenerative nodules.NRH may lead to the development of non-cirrhotic portal hypertension.There are no published systematic population studies on NRH and our current knowledge is limited to case reports and case series.NRH may develop via autoimmune,hematological,infectious,neoplastic,or drug-related causes.The disease is usually asymptomatic,slowly or nonprogressive unless complications of portal hypertension develop.Accurate diagnosis is made by histopathology,which demonstrates diffuse micronodular transformation without fibrous septa.Lack of perinuclear collagen tissue distinguishes NRH from typical regenerative nodules in the cirrhotic liver.While the initial treatment is to address the underlying disease,ultimately the therapy is directed to the management of portal hypertension.The prognosis of NRH depends on both the severity of the underlying illness and the prevention of secondary complications of portal hypertension.In this review we detail the epidemiology,pathogenesis,diagnosis,management,and prognosis of NRH.展开更多
AIM： To assess the role of transforming growth factor-β1 （TGF-β1）, vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF） and basic fibroblast growth factor （bFGF） in the pathogenesis of fibrosis associated with chronic h...AIM： To assess the role of transforming growth factor-β1 （TGF-β1）, vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF） and basic fibroblast growth factor （bFGF） in the pathogenesis of fibrosis associated with chronic hepatitis C （CHC） and to evaluate the influence of the antiviral therapy on above parameter levels depending on the treatment results （complete response or no response）. METHODS： Study group included 100 patients with CHC, in whom fibrosis in liver specimens was assessed （Scheuer fibrosis score： 1-4 points）. Control group included 30 subjects with antibodies anti-HCV present and persistently normal ALT level, without fibrosis （Scheuer fibrosis score： 0 points）. Concentration of studied parameters was assayed in the serum by immunoenzymatic method before and after the therapy with interferon alpha-2b and ribavirin. RESULTS： TGF-β1 levels were significantly higher in the study group compared to the control group （35.89 vs 32.37 ng/mL; P= 0.023）. Such differences were not found in VEGF and bFGF levels. In patients showing complete response （negative HCV RNA and normal ALT level）, significant increase in VEGF （112.8 vs 315.03 pg/mL; P〈 0.05） and bFGF （2.51 vs 15.79 pg/mL; P=0.04） levels were found. Significant decrease in TGF-β1 level was observed both in responders （37.44 vs 30.02 ng/mL; P=0.05）, and in non-responders （38.22 vs 30.43 ng/mL; P=0.043）. bFGF levels before the treatment were significantly lower （2.51 vs 5.94 pg/mL; P=0.04）, and after the treatment significantly higher （15.79 vs 4.35 pg/mL; P=0.01） in patients with complete response response. CONCLUSION： Among the analyzed parameters TGF-β1 seems to play the most important role in the pathogenesis of fibrosis in CHC. Levels of this factor are significantly lower in subjects who do not have fibrosis developed in them. Good therapeutic effect in CHC patients is associated with significant changes in TGF-β1, VEGF, and bFGF levels, bFGF seems to have the highest usefulness in the prognosis of treatment efficacy.展开更多
Silica glasses doped with Eu3＋ ions prepared by sol-gel methods were investigated. The X-ray diffraction （XRD） was used to verify the nature of the studied systems. Excitation and emission spectra of Eu3＋ ions in ...Silica glasses doped with Eu3＋ ions prepared by sol-gel methods were investigated. The X-ray diffraction （XRD） was used to verify the nature of the studied systems. Excitation and emission spectra of Eu3＋ ions in sol-gel glass materials were detected. Red-to-orange luminescence intensity ratios R/O related to integrated intensities of 5D0→TF2 to 5D0→7TF1 transitions and luminescence lifetimes for 5D0 state of Eu3＋ ions were determined. The results indicated that spectroscopic parameters for Eu3＋ ions strongly de- pended on reagents and their relative ratios used for sol-gel glass preparation.展开更多
BACKGROUND Sodium glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors(SGLT2-I)are the most recently approved drugs for type 2 diabetes(T2D).Recent clinical trials of these compounds reported beneficial cardiovascular(CV)and renal outc...BACKGROUND Sodium glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors(SGLT2-I)are the most recently approved drugs for type 2 diabetes(T2D).Recent clinical trials of these compounds reported beneficial cardiovascular(CV)and renal outcomes.A major cause of vascular dysfunction and CV disease in diabetes is hyperglycemia associated with inflammation and oxidative stress.Pre-clinical studies demonstrated that SGLT2-I reduce glucotoxicity and promote anti-inflammatory effects by lowering oxidative stress.AIM To investigate the effects of SGLT2-I on markers of oxidative stress,inflammation,liver steatosis,and fibrosis in patients of T2D with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD).METHODS We referred fifty-two consecutive outpatients treated with metformin monotherapy and exhibiting poor glycemic control to our centre.We introduced the outpatients to an SGLT2-I(dapagliflozin,empagliflozin,or canagliflozin;n=26)or a different hypoglycemic drug[other glucose-lowering drugs(OTHER),n=26].We evaluated circulating interleukins and serum hydroxynonenal(HNE)-or malondialdehyde(MDA)-protein adducts,fatty liver index(FLI),NAFLD fibrosis score,aspartate aminotransferase(AST)/alanine aminotransferase(ALT)ratio,AST-to-platelet-ratio index(APRI),and fibrosis-4 on the day before(T0)and following treatment for six months(T1).We also performed transient elastography at T0 and T1.RESULTS Add-on therapy resulted in improved glycemic control and reduced fasting blood glucose in both groups.Of note,following treatment for six months,a reduction of FLI and APRI,as well as of the FibroScan result,was reported in patients treated with SGLT2-I,but not in the OTHER group;furthermore,in the SGLT2-I group,we reported lower circulating levels of interleukin(IL)-1β,IL-6,tumor necrosis factor,vascular endothelial growth factor,and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1,and higher levels of IL-4 and IL-10.We did not observe any modification in circulating interleukins in the OTHER group.Finally,serum HNE-and MDA-protein adducts decreased significantly in SGLT2-I rather than OTHER patients and correlated with liver steatosis and fibrosis scores.CONCLUSION The present data indicate that treatment with SGLT2-I in patients with T2D and NAFLD is associated with improvement of liver steatosis and fibrosis markers and circulating pro-inflammatory and redox status,more than optimizing glycemic control.展开更多
Celiac disease(CD)is a chronic immune-mediated disorder triggered by the ingestion of gluten in genetically predisposed individuals.Before activating the immune system,gluten peptides are transferred by the epithelial...Celiac disease(CD)is a chronic immune-mediated disorder triggered by the ingestion of gluten in genetically predisposed individuals.Before activating the immune system,gluten peptides are transferred by the epithelial barrier to the mucosal lamina propria,where they are deamidated by intestinal tissue transglutaminase 2.As a result,they strongly bind to human leucocyte antigens(HLAs),especially HLA-DQ2 and HLA-DQ8,expressed on antigen-presenting cells.This induces an inflammatory response,which results in small bowel enteropathy.Although gluten is the main external trigger activating both innate and adaptive(specific)immunity,its presence in the intestinal lumen does not fully explain CD pathogenesis.It has been hypothesized that an early disruption of the gut barrier in genetically susceptible individuals,which would result in an increased intestinal permeability,could precede the onset of gluten-induced immune events.The intestinal barrier is a complex functional structure,whose functioning is dependent on intestinal microbiotahomeostasis,epithelial layer integrity,and the gutassociated lymphoid tissue with its intraepithelial lymphocytes(IELs).The aim of this paper was to review the current literature and summarize the role of the gut microbiota,epithelial cells and their intercellular junctions,and IELs in CD development.展开更多
In this work,lead phosphate glasses doubly doped with Tb^3+and Ln^3+(Ln=Eu,Sm)ions were prepared.The excitation and emission spectra of lanthanides ions were recorded.The luminescent properties of lead phosphate glass...In this work,lead phosphate glasses doubly doped with Tb^3+and Ln^3+(Ln=Eu,Sm)ions were prepared.The excitation and emission spectra of lanthanides ions were recorded.The luminescent properties of lead phosphate glasses containing various concentrations of acceptor ions were analyzed.It is observed that luminescence bands corresponding to characteristic transitions of rare earth ions are present on emission spectra measured under direct excitation of Tb^3+.From the emission spectra,the Commission Internationale de I’Eclairage(CIE)chromaticity coordinates(x,y)were calculated in relation to potential application studied systems for white LEDs.Luminescence lifetimes were also determined based on decay measurements and discussed in details.In general,the luminescence spectra and luminescence lifetimes depend on the relative concentrations of the optically active dopants.展开更多
Lead phosphate glasses singly doped with Dy^3＋ ions were studied. The samples were prepared in a glove box in order to eliminate hydroxyl groups. Local structures were examined using FT-IR. Excitation and luminescenc...Lead phosphate glasses singly doped with Dy^3＋ ions were studied. The samples were prepared in a glove box in order to eliminate hydroxyl groups. Local structures were examined using FT-IR. Excitation and luminescence spectra for Dy^3＋ ions in inves- tigated lead phosphate glasses were registered. Luminescence intensity ratio Y/B related to 4F9/2→^6HJ/2 （where J=15, 13） transitions was determined and luminescence lifetime （ζm） for the 4F9/2 state of Dy^3＋ions were also measured.展开更多
AIM： To assess the usefulness of two independent histopathological classifications of rectal cancer regression following neo-adjuvant therapy. METHODS： Forty patients at the initial stage cT3NxM0 submitted to preope...AIM： To assess the usefulness of two independent histopathological classifications of rectal cancer regression following neo-adjuvant therapy. METHODS： Forty patients at the initial stage cT3NxM0 submitted to preoperative radiotherapy （42 Gy during 18 d） and then to radical surgical treatment. The relationship between ＂T-downstaging＂ versus regressive changes expressed by tumor regression grade （TRG 1-5） and Nasierowska-Guttmejer classification （NG 1-3） was studied as well as the relationship between TRG and NG versus local tumor stage ypT and lymph nodes status, ypN. RESULTS： Complete regression （ypT0, TRG 1） was found in one patient. ＂T-downstaging＂ was observed in 11 （27.5%） patients. There was a weak statistical significance of the relationship between ＂T-downstaging＂ and TRG staging and NG stage. Patients with ypT1 were diagnosed as TRG 2-3 while those with ypT3 as TRGS. No lymph node metastases were found in patients with TRG 1-2. None of the patients without lymph node metastases were diagnosed as TRG 5. Patients in the ypT1 stage were NG 1-2. No lymph node metastases were found in NG 1. There was a significant correlation between TRG and NG. CONCLUSION： Histopathological classifications may be useful in the monitoring of the effects of hyperfractionated preoperative radiotherapy in patients with rectal cancer at the stage of cT3NxM0. There is no unequivocal relationship between ＂Todownstaging＂ and TRG and NG. There is some concordance in the assessment of lymph node status with ypT, TRG and NG. TRG and NG are of limited value for the risk assessment of the lymph node involvement.展开更多
Chronic pancreatitis(CP) is a progressive inflammatory disease of the pancreas characterized by destruction of the pancreatic parenchyma with subsequent fibrosis that leads to pancreatic exocrine and endocrine insuffi...Chronic pancreatitis(CP) is a progressive inflammatory disease of the pancreas characterized by destruction of the pancreatic parenchyma with subsequent fibrosis that leads to pancreatic exocrine and endocrine insufficiency.Abdominal pain and local complications(bile duct or duodenal stenosis and pancreatic tumor) secondary to CP are indications for therapy.At the beginning,medical therapy is used.More invasive treatment is recommended for patients with pancreatic duct stones(PDS) and pancreatic obstruction in whom standard medical therapy is not sufficient.Recently,Clarke et al assessed the long-term effectiveness of endoscopic therapy(ET) in CP patients.The authors compared ET with medical treatment.They reported that ET was clinically successful in 50% of patients with symptomatic CP.In this commentary,current CP treatment,including indications for ET and surgery in CP patients,is discussed.Recommendations for endoscopic treatment of CP according to the European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Clinical Guidelines are reviewed.Different surgical methods used in the treatment of CP patients are also discussed.ET is the most useful in patients with large PDS,pancreatic duct obstruction and dilation.It should be the first-line option because it is less invasive than surgery.Surgery should be the first-line option in patients in whom ET has failed or in those with a pancreatic mass with suspicion of malignancy.ET is a very effective and less invasive procedure,but it cannot be recommended as the treatment of choice in all CP patients.展开更多
AIM： To evaluate the reproducibility of a modified 13^C breath test-based measurement of solid phase gastric emptying （GE） within the frames of a simple-repeated measure study protocol. METHODS： Twelve healthy sub...AIM： To evaluate the reproducibility of a modified 13^C breath test-based measurement of solid phase gastric emptying （GE） within the frames of a simple-repeated measure study protocol. METHODS： Twelve healthy subjects （6 females and 6 males, mean age 24.9＋0.7 years） were recruited to undergo three identical GE examinations. In six subjects the first two examinations were performed 2 d apart, and the third session was carried out at a median interval of 19.5 d （range 18 - 20 d） from the second one. In another six subjects the first two measurements were taken 20 d apart （median, range： 17-23 d）, whereas the third session took place 2 d after the second one. Probes of expiratory air collected before and during six hours after intake of a solid meal （378 kcal） labelled with 75 μL （68 mg） 13^C-octanoic acid, were measured for 13^CO2 enrichment with the nondispersive isotopeselective infrared spectrometry NDIRS apparatus. RESULTS： Taking coefficients of variation for paired examinations into account, the short-term reproducibility of the GE measurement was slightly but not significantly better than the medium-term one： 7.7% and 11.2% for the lag phase （T-Lag）, 7.3% and 10.9% for the gastric half emptying time （T1/2）. The least differences in GE parameters detectable at P= 0.05 level in the 12 paired examinations were 9.6 and 15.6 min for T-Lag, 11.6 and 19.7 min for T1/2 by a two-day or two to three-week time gap, respectively CONCLUSION： The low-cost modification of the breath test involving a lower dose of 13^C-octanoic acid and NDIRS, renders good short- and medium-term reproducibility, as well as sensitivity of the measurement of gastric emptying of solids.展开更多
A self-heating intensity index(SHII)based on the highest(pixel max.)and lowest(pixel min.)values taken from satellite thermal maps of burning coal waste dumps are proposed.The index enables the classification of such ...A self-heating intensity index(SHII)based on the highest(pixel max.)and lowest(pixel min.)values taken from satellite thermal maps of burning coal waste dumps are proposed.The index enables the classification of such fires in Ukrainian-and Polish coal waste dumps.Both in Ukraine and in Poland,varying thermal intensities during 1985–2019 are revealed,using the SHII and following thermal intensity threshold values,namely,extreme thermal activity([7),advanced(3–7),moderate(3–1.5),initial(1.5–1),no activity(<1).The SHII shows decreasing thermal activity in the selected Ukrainian coal waste dumps during 2017–2019.It aids in reconstructing the thermal history of the dumps.Analysis of satellite images revealed a large number of burning coal waste dumps in the Donetsk Coal Basin(Ukraine)with high thermal activity.Such burning likely reflects large amounts of organic matter and sulphides in the dumped material subjected to self-heating and self-burning processes,lack of compaction of the coal waste and/or high methane contents.Comparison of SHII values calculated from satellite-and drone thermal-camera images were compared to show that SHII from drone thermal images have much higher values than those from satellite images;the former have better resolution.Thus,SHII from Landsat-and drone images should be used separately in dump heating studies.展开更多
In present work, the optical and structural properties of silica sol-gel glasses and glass-ceramic materials singly- and dou- bly-doped with Eu3＋ and Gd3＋ ions were investigated. The optical properties of studied sy...In present work, the optical and structural properties of silica sol-gel glasses and glass-ceramic materials singly- and dou- bly-doped with Eu3＋ and Gd3＋ ions were investigated. The optical properties of studied systems were determined based on absorption, excitation and emission spectra as well as luminescence decay analysis. Conducted studies clearly indicated a significant enhance- ment of visible emission originated from Eu3＋ ions as a result of changing the excitation mechanism, via Gd3＋Eu3＋ energy transfer. The luminescence intensity R-ratio was analyzed before and after heat-treatment process upon excitation at λex=393 nm and λex=273 nm. Moreover, the influence of excitation wavelength on luminescence decay time of the 5D0 excited state was also analyzed. The GdS＋-Eu3＋ energy transfer efficiencies for precursor and annealed samples were calculated based on luminescence lifetime of the 6p7/2 level of Gd3＋ ions. The X-ray diffraction measurements were conducted to verify the nature of obtained sol-gel materials. In re- sult, the formation of orthorhombic GdF3 nanocrystal phase dispersed in amorphous silica glass host was identified after annealing. Obtained results clearly indicated an incorporation of Eu3＋ activators into formed GdF3 nanocrystals. Thus, conducted heat-treatment process led to considerable changes in surrounding environment around Eu3＋ ions. Actually, it was found that en- ergy transfer phenomenon and heat-treatment process were responsible for significant improvement of Eu3＋ luminescence in stud- ied sol-gel samples.展开更多
Net primary productivity (NPP) of the vegetation in an oasis can reflect the productivity capacity of a plant community under natural environmental conditions. Owing to the extreme arid climate conditions and scarce p...Net primary productivity (NPP) of the vegetation in an oasis can reflect the productivity capacity of a plant community under natural environmental conditions. Owing to the extreme arid climate conditions and scarce precipitation in the arid oasis regions, groundwater plays a key role in restricting the development of the vegetation. The Qira Oasis is located on the southern margin of the Taklimakan Desert (Tarim Basin, China) that is one of the most vulnerable regions regarding vegetation growth and water scarcity in the world. Based on remote sensing images of the Qira Oasis and daily meteorological data measured by the ground stations during the period 2006-2019, this study analyzed the temporal and spatial patterns of NPP in the oasis as well as its relation with the variation of groundwater depth using a modified Carnegie Ames Stanford Approach (CASA) model. At the spatial scale, NPP of the vegetation decreased from the interior of the Qira Oasis to the margin;at the temporal scale, NPP of the vegetation in the oasis fluctuated significantly (ranging from 29.80 to 50.07 g C/(m2•month)) but generally showed an increasing trend, with the average increase rate of 0.07 g C/(m2•month). The regions with decreasing NPP occupied 64% of the total area of the oasis. During the study period, NPP of both farmland and grassland showed an increasing trend, while that of forest showed a decreasing trend. The depth of groundwater was deep in the south of the oasis and shallow in the north, showing a gradual increasing trend from south to north. Groundwater, as one of the key factors in the surface change and evolution of the arid oasis, determines the succession direction of the vegetation in the Qira Oasis. With the increase of groundwater depth, grassland coverage and vegetation NPP decreased. During the period 2008-2015, with the recovery of groundwater level, NPP values of all types of vegetation with different coverages increased. This study will provide a scientific basis for the rational utilization and sustainable management of groundwater resources in the oasis.展开更多
Heavy metal lead germanate glasses doubly doped with Yb^3＋ and Ln^3＋ ions （Ln=Er, Tin） were investigated. Up-conversion spectra of Er^3＋ and Tm^3＋ were registered under diode-laser excitation of Yb^3＋. Up-conve...Heavy metal lead germanate glasses doubly doped with Yb^3＋ and Ln^3＋ ions （Ln=Er, Tin） were investigated. Up-conversion spectra of Er^3＋ and Tm^3＋ were registered under diode-laser excitation of Yb^3＋. Up-conversion luminescence bands corresponded to ^4S3/2→^4I15/2 （green） and ^4F9/2→^4I15/2 （red） transitions of Er^3＋ as well as ^1G4→^3H6 （blue） and ^3Ha→^3H6 （N]R） transitions of Tm^3＋, respectively.展开更多
基金supported by the First Department of Cardiology,School of Medicine in Katowice,Medical University of Silesia,Katowice,Poland.
文摘Background Delirium is a form of acute brain dysfunction and geriatric patients are particularly vulnerable to this health problem.The aim of the study was to assess the incidence of delirium and determine the risk factors for delirium in patients≥60 years of age hospitalized due to acute myocardial infarction(AMI).Methods The study included 405 consecutive patients(mean age:73.1±8.5,males:61%)hospitalized due to AMI divided and characterized according to the in-hospital delirium presence.Results Of 405 patients,57(14%,mean age:80.9±7.3,males:58%)experienced delirium.Patients with delirium were older(80.9±7.3 vs.71.82±8.1 years),all of them presented multimorbidity,they more frequently used polypharmacy(96.5 vs.30.2%)and their hospitalization was longer(8.0±1.4 vs.4.6±1.0 days)as compared to the patients without delirium.Patients with delirium more frequently experience periprocedural complications as well as the in-hospital reversible problems:fever(40.4 vs.0.9%),infections(78.9 vs.3.7%),pulmonary oedema(73.7 vs.0.6%),hypoxemia(91.1 vs.98.3%),urinary catheter(96.5 vs.17.2%),dehydration(89.5 vs.6.6%),and insomnia(71.9 vs.0.3%)compared to patients without delirium(P<0.001 for all).Valvular heart disease(OR=4.78;95%CI:1.10-2.70;P<0.001,pulmonary oedema(OR=66.79;95%CI:12.04-370.34,P<0.001),and dehydration(OR=37.26;95%CI:10.50-132.27,P<0.001)were risk factors for delirium occurrence.Conclusions The in-hospital course of AMI is complicated by delirium occurrence in 14%of patients≥60 years old.Recognizing and modification of potential,reversible risk factors associated with AMI can reduce the risk of delirium.
基金funded by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFF0805603)。
文摘Desertification poses severe threats to socio-ecological resilience in arid regions,yet systematic quantification of desertification control efficiency remains limited.This study addressed this gap by developing an integrated Data Envelopment Analysis(DEA)Malmquist index to assess the spatiotemporal dynamics of desertification control efficiency in Hotan Prefecture(a hyper-arid region)of China from 2005 to 2023.To achieve this goal,we analyzed 5 indices spanning the total factor productivity,technical change,efficiency change,pure efficiency change,and scale efficiency change across 7 counties and 1 city in Hotan Prefecture.Results revealed that the growth rate of the total factor productivity is 12.0%,which is driven primarily by technical change and management optimization.However,significant spatiotemporal heterogeneity emerged.Temporally,rapid early gains during 2005–2010,with the total factor productivity value of 1.372,were dominated by technological progress,where technical change reached 1.291,while scale efficiency change helped sustain progress between 2010 and 2015.A recent decline in the total factor productivity to 0.987 during 2015–2023 underscored the risks associated with technological stagnation.Spatially,Qira County achieved the highest growth rate of the total factor productivity at 33.7%through dual advances in technology and management,which stands in sharp contrast to Moyu County's stagnation,where the total factor productivity reached only 1.029,reflecting the minimal growth rate of 2.9%.Furthermore,scale expansion change proved beneficial in Pishan County but counterproductive in Qira County.Based on these findings,this study proposes targeted policy recommendations to enhance desertification control efficiency in hyper-arid regions like Hotan Prefecture.It emphasizes the importance of continuous technological innovation,particularly water-saving and adaptive techniques to counteract declining productivity.Differentiated spatial strategies are essential,with tailored interventions for high-risk northern areas and scaling successful models from higher-efficiency southern zones.Optimizing project scale based on ecological carrying capacity rather than uncontrolled expansion is urged,along with strengthening cross-regional water resource coordination.Finally,establishing a data-driven monitoring and decision-support system could enable dynamic efficiency evaluations and evidence-based policy planning.This study provides a critical methodological framework for systematically quantifying desertification control efficiency in hyper-arid regions,establishing an empirical foundation for targeted ecological governance.
文摘BACKGROUND Atrial fibrillation(AF)stands as the most prevalent type of arrhythmia,affecting approximately 60 million individuals world-wide.Although antiarrhythmic drugs(AADs)remain the gold standard for AF treatment,glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists(GLP-1 RAs)are arising as potential therapeutic alternatives.AIM To evaluate the impact of GLP-1 RAs on the incidence of AF.METHODS Inclusion criteria included systematic reviews(SRs)that based their analyses on clinical trials,observational studies,controlled trials and network meta-analyses.A total of 8 SRs were selected for data extraction,focusing on semaglutide,liraglutide and dulaglutide.Additionally,the effects of GLP-1 RAs on AF incidence were compared with those of sodium-glucose co-transporter 2(SGLT2)inhibitors.RESULTS Findings indicate that semaglutide,evaluated in the largest patient cohort across the 8 SRs,consistently reduced AF incidence.However,dulaglutide and liraglutide exhibited inconsistent effects.Notably,as opposed to variable outcomes associated with GLP-1 RAs,SGLT2 inhibitors a class of antidiabetic agents with weight-reducing properties exhibit significant cardiovascular benefits,including reductions in both AF and atrial flutter.CONCLUSION GLP-1 RAs emerge as a promising and potential alternative for AADs in reduction of incidence of AF.However,further research is required to fully determine their therapeutic potential and long-term cardiovascular effects.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12225509),the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12247101)the Polish National Science Centre(Grant No.2024/53/B/ST2/00975)+2 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.lzujbky-2024-jdzx06)the Natural Science Foundation of Gansu Province(Grant No.22JR5RA389)the‘111 Center’under Grant No.B20063。
文摘Decays of charmonium into hyperon and antihyperon pairs provide a pristine laboratory for exploring hyperon properties,such as their polarization and decay parameters,and for conducting tests of fundamental symmetries.This brief review highlights the significant progress made in precise tests of CP symmetry at BESIII using entangled hyperon-antihyperon pairs。
文摘BACKGROUND Liver cancer poses a significant public health threat.The difference between disease patterns and national policies is crucial to elucidating factors influencing hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)incidence.AIM To investigate the secular trend and disease pattern of liver cancer in Taiwan of China,Poland,and Belgium.METHODS This population-based cohort study presents the incidence,period,and cohort effects in HCC incidence between 2000 and 2019 in Taiwan of China,Poland,and Flanders,Belgium.Data on HCC were obtained from cancer registry data from Taiwan of China,Poland,and regional data from Belgium.Age-standardized incidence rates(ASIRs),annual per-centage changes,and age-period-cohort analyses were conducted by sex and period.RESULTS Taiwan of China’s ASIR decreased from 2000 to 2019(males:55.17 to 43.42,females:21.91 to 16.20,per 100000).In Poland,ASIR declined from 2000 to 2019(males:3.21 to 2.77,females:1.95 to 1.32,per 100000).However,Flanders experienced an increase in ASIR from 2000 to 2019(males:2.66 to 5.63,females:1.40 to 2.20,per 100000).In Taiwan of China,the cohort effect rate ratio increased from 1915 to 1935(males:1.02 to 1.36,females:1.04 to 1.54)and decreased from 1935 to 1989(males:1.36 to 0.22,females:1.54 to 0.20).In Poland,rate ratios consistently decreased(males:1.75 to 0.25,females:3.46 to 0.26).Flanders exhibited an increase in both males(0.14 to 2.52,1915 to 1975)and females(0.53 to 3.66,1915 to 1989).CONCLUSION Taiwan of China and Poland’s declining ASIR may be due to effective hepatitis B virus immunization and viral hepatitis therapy.Flanders’persistent increase may be tied to higher HCC risk in high hepatitis C virus risk populations.
文摘Nodular regenerative hyperplasia(NRH)is a rare liver condition characterized by a widespread benign transformation of the hepatic parenchyma into small regenerative nodules.NRH may lead to the development of non-cirrhotic portal hypertension.There are no published systematic population studies on NRH and our current knowledge is limited to case reports and case series.NRH may develop via autoimmune,hematological,infectious,neoplastic,or drug-related causes.The disease is usually asymptomatic,slowly or nonprogressive unless complications of portal hypertension develop.Accurate diagnosis is made by histopathology,which demonstrates diffuse micronodular transformation without fibrous septa.Lack of perinuclear collagen tissue distinguishes NRH from typical regenerative nodules in the cirrhotic liver.While the initial treatment is to address the underlying disease,ultimately the therapy is directed to the management of portal hypertension.The prognosis of NRH depends on both the severity of the underlying illness and the prevention of secondary complications of portal hypertension.In this review we detail the epidemiology,pathogenesis,diagnosis,management,and prognosis of NRH.
文摘AIM： To assess the role of transforming growth factor-β1 （TGF-β1）, vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF） and basic fibroblast growth factor （bFGF） in the pathogenesis of fibrosis associated with chronic hepatitis C （CHC） and to evaluate the influence of the antiviral therapy on above parameter levels depending on the treatment results （complete response or no response）. METHODS： Study group included 100 patients with CHC, in whom fibrosis in liver specimens was assessed （Scheuer fibrosis score： 1-4 points）. Control group included 30 subjects with antibodies anti-HCV present and persistently normal ALT level, without fibrosis （Scheuer fibrosis score： 0 points）. Concentration of studied parameters was assayed in the serum by immunoenzymatic method before and after the therapy with interferon alpha-2b and ribavirin. RESULTS： TGF-β1 levels were significantly higher in the study group compared to the control group （35.89 vs 32.37 ng/mL; P= 0.023）. Such differences were not found in VEGF and bFGF levels. In patients showing complete response （negative HCV RNA and normal ALT level）, significant increase in VEGF （112.8 vs 315.03 pg/mL; P〈 0.05） and bFGF （2.51 vs 15.79 pg/mL; P=0.04） levels were found. Significant decrease in TGF-β1 level was observed both in responders （37.44 vs 30.02 ng/mL; P=0.05）, and in non-responders （38.22 vs 30.43 ng/mL; P=0.043）. bFGF levels before the treatment were significantly lower （2.51 vs 5.94 pg/mL; P=0.04）, and after the treatment significantly higher （15.79 vs 4.35 pg/mL; P=0.01） in patients with complete response response. CONCLUSION： Among the analyzed parameters TGF-β1 seems to play the most important role in the pathogenesis of fibrosis in CHC. Levels of this factor are significantly lower in subjects who do not have fibrosis developed in them. Good therapeutic effect in CHC patients is associated with significant changes in TGF-β1, VEGF, and bFGF levels, bFGF seems to have the highest usefulness in the prognosis of treatment efficacy.
文摘Silica glasses doped with Eu3＋ ions prepared by sol-gel methods were investigated. The X-ray diffraction （XRD） was used to verify the nature of the studied systems. Excitation and emission spectra of Eu3＋ ions in sol-gel glass materials were detected. Red-to-orange luminescence intensity ratios R/O related to integrated intensities of 5D0→TF2 to 5D0→7TF1 transitions and luminescence lifetimes for 5D0 state of Eu3＋ ions were determined. The results indicated that spectroscopic parameters for Eu3＋ ions strongly de- pended on reagents and their relative ratios used for sol-gel glass preparation.
文摘BACKGROUND Sodium glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors(SGLT2-I)are the most recently approved drugs for type 2 diabetes(T2D).Recent clinical trials of these compounds reported beneficial cardiovascular(CV)and renal outcomes.A major cause of vascular dysfunction and CV disease in diabetes is hyperglycemia associated with inflammation and oxidative stress.Pre-clinical studies demonstrated that SGLT2-I reduce glucotoxicity and promote anti-inflammatory effects by lowering oxidative stress.AIM To investigate the effects of SGLT2-I on markers of oxidative stress,inflammation,liver steatosis,and fibrosis in patients of T2D with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD).METHODS We referred fifty-two consecutive outpatients treated with metformin monotherapy and exhibiting poor glycemic control to our centre.We introduced the outpatients to an SGLT2-I(dapagliflozin,empagliflozin,or canagliflozin;n=26)or a different hypoglycemic drug[other glucose-lowering drugs(OTHER),n=26].We evaluated circulating interleukins and serum hydroxynonenal(HNE)-or malondialdehyde(MDA)-protein adducts,fatty liver index(FLI),NAFLD fibrosis score,aspartate aminotransferase(AST)/alanine aminotransferase(ALT)ratio,AST-to-platelet-ratio index(APRI),and fibrosis-4 on the day before(T0)and following treatment for six months(T1).We also performed transient elastography at T0 and T1.RESULTS Add-on therapy resulted in improved glycemic control and reduced fasting blood glucose in both groups.Of note,following treatment for six months,a reduction of FLI and APRI,as well as of the FibroScan result,was reported in patients treated with SGLT2-I,but not in the OTHER group;furthermore,in the SGLT2-I group,we reported lower circulating levels of interleukin(IL)-1β,IL-6,tumor necrosis factor,vascular endothelial growth factor,and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1,and higher levels of IL-4 and IL-10.We did not observe any modification in circulating interleukins in the OTHER group.Finally,serum HNE-and MDA-protein adducts decreased significantly in SGLT2-I rather than OTHER patients and correlated with liver steatosis and fibrosis scores.CONCLUSION The present data indicate that treatment with SGLT2-I in patients with T2D and NAFLD is associated with improvement of liver steatosis and fibrosis markers and circulating pro-inflammatory and redox status,more than optimizing glycemic control.
基金Supported by the Children’s Memorial Health Institute Grants,No.236/15,No.243/16 and No.S147/2016
文摘Celiac disease(CD)is a chronic immune-mediated disorder triggered by the ingestion of gluten in genetically predisposed individuals.Before activating the immune system,gluten peptides are transferred by the epithelial barrier to the mucosal lamina propria,where they are deamidated by intestinal tissue transglutaminase 2.As a result,they strongly bind to human leucocyte antigens(HLAs),especially HLA-DQ2 and HLA-DQ8,expressed on antigen-presenting cells.This induces an inflammatory response,which results in small bowel enteropathy.Although gluten is the main external trigger activating both innate and adaptive(specific)immunity,its presence in the intestinal lumen does not fully explain CD pathogenesis.It has been hypothesized that an early disruption of the gut barrier in genetically susceptible individuals,which would result in an increased intestinal permeability,could precede the onset of gluten-induced immune events.The intestinal barrier is a complex functional structure,whose functioning is dependent on intestinal microbiotahomeostasis,epithelial layer integrity,and the gutassociated lymphoid tissue with its intraepithelial lymphocytes(IELs).The aim of this paper was to review the current literature and summarize the role of the gut microbiota,epithelial cells and their intercellular junctions,and IELs in CD development.
基金Project supported by the National Science Centre(Poland)(2015/17/B/ST7/03730)
文摘In this work,lead phosphate glasses doubly doped with Tb^3+and Ln^3+(Ln=Eu,Sm)ions were prepared.The excitation and emission spectra of lanthanides ions were recorded.The luminescent properties of lead phosphate glasses containing various concentrations of acceptor ions were analyzed.It is observed that luminescence bands corresponding to characteristic transitions of rare earth ions are present on emission spectra measured under direct excitation of Tb^3+.From the emission spectra,the Commission Internationale de I’Eclairage(CIE)chromaticity coordinates(x,y)were calculated in relation to potential application studied systems for white LEDs.Luminescence lifetimes were also determined based on decay measurements and discussed in details.In general,the luminescence spectra and luminescence lifetimes depend on the relative concentrations of the optically active dopants.
基金Project supported by National Science Centre(Poland)(2011/01/B/ST5/00978)
文摘Lead phosphate glasses singly doped with Dy^3＋ ions were studied. The samples were prepared in a glove box in order to eliminate hydroxyl groups. Local structures were examined using FT-IR. Excitation and luminescence spectra for Dy^3＋ ions in inves- tigated lead phosphate glasses were registered. Luminescence intensity ratio Y/B related to 4F9/2→^6HJ/2 （where J=15, 13） transitions was determined and luminescence lifetime （ζm） for the 4F9/2 state of Dy^3＋ions were also measured.
文摘AIM： To assess the usefulness of two independent histopathological classifications of rectal cancer regression following neo-adjuvant therapy. METHODS： Forty patients at the initial stage cT3NxM0 submitted to preoperative radiotherapy （42 Gy during 18 d） and then to radical surgical treatment. The relationship between ＂T-downstaging＂ versus regressive changes expressed by tumor regression grade （TRG 1-5） and Nasierowska-Guttmejer classification （NG 1-3） was studied as well as the relationship between TRG and NG versus local tumor stage ypT and lymph nodes status, ypN. RESULTS： Complete regression （ypT0, TRG 1） was found in one patient. ＂T-downstaging＂ was observed in 11 （27.5%） patients. There was a weak statistical significance of the relationship between ＂T-downstaging＂ and TRG staging and NG stage. Patients with ypT1 were diagnosed as TRG 2-3 while those with ypT3 as TRGS. No lymph node metastases were found in patients with TRG 1-2. None of the patients without lymph node metastases were diagnosed as TRG 5. Patients in the ypT1 stage were NG 1-2. No lymph node metastases were found in NG 1. There was a significant correlation between TRG and NG. CONCLUSION： Histopathological classifications may be useful in the monitoring of the effects of hyperfractionated preoperative radiotherapy in patients with rectal cancer at the stage of cT3NxM0. There is no unequivocal relationship between ＂Todownstaging＂ and TRG and NG. There is some concordance in the assessment of lymph node status with ypT, TRG and NG. TRG and NG are of limited value for the risk assessment of the lymph node involvement.
文摘Chronic pancreatitis(CP) is a progressive inflammatory disease of the pancreas characterized by destruction of the pancreatic parenchyma with subsequent fibrosis that leads to pancreatic exocrine and endocrine insufficiency.Abdominal pain and local complications(bile duct or duodenal stenosis and pancreatic tumor) secondary to CP are indications for therapy.At the beginning,medical therapy is used.More invasive treatment is recommended for patients with pancreatic duct stones(PDS) and pancreatic obstruction in whom standard medical therapy is not sufficient.Recently,Clarke et al assessed the long-term effectiveness of endoscopic therapy(ET) in CP patients.The authors compared ET with medical treatment.They reported that ET was clinically successful in 50% of patients with symptomatic CP.In this commentary,current CP treatment,including indications for ET and surgery in CP patients,is discussed.Recommendations for endoscopic treatment of CP according to the European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Clinical Guidelines are reviewed.Different surgical methods used in the treatment of CP patients are also discussed.ET is the most useful in patients with large PDS,pancreatic duct obstruction and dilation.It should be the first-line option because it is less invasive than surgery.Surgery should be the first-line option in patients in whom ET has failed or in those with a pancreatic mass with suspicion of malignancy.ET is a very effective and less invasive procedure,but it cannot be recommended as the treatment of choice in all CP patients.
基金Supported by a research grant(3 P05D 054 24)from the Ministry of Scientific Research and Information Technology(formerly:State Committee For Scientific Research)of the Republic of Poland-contract #0617/P05/2003/24
文摘AIM： To evaluate the reproducibility of a modified 13^C breath test-based measurement of solid phase gastric emptying （GE） within the frames of a simple-repeated measure study protocol. METHODS： Twelve healthy subjects （6 females and 6 males, mean age 24.9＋0.7 years） were recruited to undergo three identical GE examinations. In six subjects the first two examinations were performed 2 d apart, and the third session was carried out at a median interval of 19.5 d （range 18 - 20 d） from the second one. In another six subjects the first two measurements were taken 20 d apart （median, range： 17-23 d）, whereas the third session took place 2 d after the second one. Probes of expiratory air collected before and during six hours after intake of a solid meal （378 kcal） labelled with 75 μL （68 mg） 13^C-octanoic acid, were measured for 13^CO2 enrichment with the nondispersive isotopeselective infrared spectrometry NDIRS apparatus. RESULTS： Taking coefficients of variation for paired examinations into account, the short-term reproducibility of the GE measurement was slightly but not significantly better than the medium-term one： 7.7% and 11.2% for the lag phase （T-Lag）, 7.3% and 10.9% for the gastric half emptying time （T1/2）. The least differences in GE parameters detectable at P= 0.05 level in the 12 paired examinations were 9.6 and 15.6 min for T-Lag, 11.6 and 19.7 min for T1/2 by a two-day or two to three-week time gap, respectively CONCLUSION： The low-cost modification of the breath test involving a lower dose of 13^C-octanoic acid and NDIRS, renders good short- and medium-term reproducibility, as well as sensitivity of the measurement of gastric emptying of solids.
文摘A self-heating intensity index(SHII)based on the highest(pixel max.)and lowest(pixel min.)values taken from satellite thermal maps of burning coal waste dumps are proposed.The index enables the classification of such fires in Ukrainian-and Polish coal waste dumps.Both in Ukraine and in Poland,varying thermal intensities during 1985–2019 are revealed,using the SHII and following thermal intensity threshold values,namely,extreme thermal activity([7),advanced(3–7),moderate(3–1.5),initial(1.5–1),no activity(<1).The SHII shows decreasing thermal activity in the selected Ukrainian coal waste dumps during 2017–2019.It aids in reconstructing the thermal history of the dumps.Analysis of satellite images revealed a large number of burning coal waste dumps in the Donetsk Coal Basin(Ukraine)with high thermal activity.Such burning likely reflects large amounts of organic matter and sulphides in the dumped material subjected to self-heating and self-burning processes,lack of compaction of the coal waste and/or high methane contents.Comparison of SHII values calculated from satellite-and drone thermal-camera images were compared to show that SHII from drone thermal images have much higher values than those from satellite images;the former have better resolution.Thus,SHII from Landsat-and drone images should be used separately in dump heating studies.
文摘In present work, the optical and structural properties of silica sol-gel glasses and glass-ceramic materials singly- and dou- bly-doped with Eu3＋ and Gd3＋ ions were investigated. The optical properties of studied systems were determined based on absorption, excitation and emission spectra as well as luminescence decay analysis. Conducted studies clearly indicated a significant enhance- ment of visible emission originated from Eu3＋ ions as a result of changing the excitation mechanism, via Gd3＋Eu3＋ energy transfer. The luminescence intensity R-ratio was analyzed before and after heat-treatment process upon excitation at λex=393 nm and λex=273 nm. Moreover, the influence of excitation wavelength on luminescence decay time of the 5D0 excited state was also analyzed. The GdS＋-Eu3＋ energy transfer efficiencies for precursor and annealed samples were calculated based on luminescence lifetime of the 6p7/2 level of Gd3＋ ions. The X-ray diffraction measurements were conducted to verify the nature of obtained sol-gel materials. In re- sult, the formation of orthorhombic GdF3 nanocrystal phase dispersed in amorphous silica glass host was identified after annealing. Obtained results clearly indicated an incorporation of Eu3＋ activators into formed GdF3 nanocrystals. Thus, conducted heat-treatment process led to considerable changes in surrounding environment around Eu3＋ ions. Actually, it was found that en- ergy transfer phenomenon and heat-treatment process were responsible for significant improvement of Eu3＋ luminescence in stud- ied sol-gel samples.
基金This research was supported by the West Light Foundation of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(2018-XBQNXZ-B-017)the High-Level Talents Project in Xinjiang(Y942171)This study was also supported by the CAS President's International Fellowship Initiative(PIFI)Project(2021VCA0003,2021VCB0013).
文摘Net primary productivity (NPP) of the vegetation in an oasis can reflect the productivity capacity of a plant community under natural environmental conditions. Owing to the extreme arid climate conditions and scarce precipitation in the arid oasis regions, groundwater plays a key role in restricting the development of the vegetation. The Qira Oasis is located on the southern margin of the Taklimakan Desert (Tarim Basin, China) that is one of the most vulnerable regions regarding vegetation growth and water scarcity in the world. Based on remote sensing images of the Qira Oasis and daily meteorological data measured by the ground stations during the period 2006-2019, this study analyzed the temporal and spatial patterns of NPP in the oasis as well as its relation with the variation of groundwater depth using a modified Carnegie Ames Stanford Approach (CASA) model. At the spatial scale, NPP of the vegetation decreased from the interior of the Qira Oasis to the margin;at the temporal scale, NPP of the vegetation in the oasis fluctuated significantly (ranging from 29.80 to 50.07 g C/(m2•month)) but generally showed an increasing trend, with the average increase rate of 0.07 g C/(m2•month). The regions with decreasing NPP occupied 64% of the total area of the oasis. During the study period, NPP of both farmland and grassland showed an increasing trend, while that of forest showed a decreasing trend. The depth of groundwater was deep in the south of the oasis and shallow in the north, showing a gradual increasing trend from south to north. Groundwater, as one of the key factors in the surface change and evolution of the arid oasis, determines the succession direction of the vegetation in the Qira Oasis. With the increase of groundwater depth, grassland coverage and vegetation NPP decreased. During the period 2008-2015, with the recovery of groundwater level, NPP values of all types of vegetation with different coverages increased. This study will provide a scientific basis for the rational utilization and sustainable management of groundwater resources in the oasis.
基金Project supported by the Science and Higher Education (N N204 313937)
文摘Heavy metal lead germanate glasses doubly doped with Yb^3＋ and Ln^3＋ ions （Ln=Er, Tin） were investigated. Up-conversion spectra of Er^3＋ and Tm^3＋ were registered under diode-laser excitation of Yb^3＋. Up-conversion luminescence bands corresponded to ^4S3/2→^4I15/2 （green） and ^4F9/2→^4I15/2 （red） transitions of Er^3＋ as well as ^1G4→^3H6 （blue） and ^3Ha→^3H6 （N]R） transitions of Tm^3＋, respectively.
