Sustained antigen release from delivery systems is a pivotal strategy to enhance vaccine-induced immune responses,primarily by mimicking the antigen exposure kinetics of natural infections to synchronously boost humor...Sustained antigen release from delivery systems is a pivotal strategy to enhance vaccine-induced immune responses,primarily by mimicking the antigen exposure kinetics of natural infections to synchronously boost humoral and cellular immunity.However,the absence of an"antigen boost"effect in current approaches stands as a critical bottleneck,limiting the intensity and durability of immune responses.To address the critical gap of insufficient antigen boosting in sustained-release vaccine platforms,we engineered an ultrasound-responsive hydrogel(URH)with diselenide-functionalized 4-arm PEG-ONH_(2)(4-arm PEG-Se-Se-ONH_(2)),4-arm PEG-ONH_(2)and ODEX.Leveraging its exceptional ultrasonic sen-sitivity,the URH enables timely controlled,multiple-boost antigen release both in vitro and in vivo,overcoming the limitations of conventional sustained-release systems.With the multiple boost release mode triggered by ultrasound,the immune response in lymph nodes was significant-ly stronger than that in sustained release group without ultrasonic trigger.At the same time,it also greatly improved the humoral immunity level,URH+US-OVA elicited 7.5×10^(4)-fold higher anti-OVA IgG titers over commercial AI-OVA vaccines and 440-fold higher than URH-OVA vaccines at day 40 post-vaccination,while the levels of blood routine and inflammatory factors were within the normal range,which proved that the safety of URH vaccines.The results support that the antigen release mode is a key factor affecting the immunological efficacy of vaccines,and URH can be modularized to regulate the multiple boost antigen releasemode.展开更多
With the help of the effective refractive index method we have numerically analyzed a multilayer planar waveguide structure and calculated the propagation constants, confinement factors, and transverse electric (TE) m...With the help of the effective refractive index method we have numerically analyzed a multilayer planar waveguide structure and calculated the propagation constants, confinement factors, and transverse electric (TE) modes. A five-layer waveguide model has been provided to analyze the electro-magne tic wave propagation process. The analysis method has been applied to the 980 nm laser with active layer of GaInAs/GaInAsP strained quantum wells, GaInAsP confinement layers and GaInP cap layers. By changing the thickness of confinement layers, we obtained confinement factor as high as 95% with higher TE modes TE1 and TE2. The results are in good agreement with the experiment by A. Al-Muhanna et al. and give the new idea to enhance output power of semiconductor lasers. The analysis method can also be extended to any other slab multilayer waveguide structures, and the results are useful to the fabrication of optic-electronic devices.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.W2412020,22222509)China Science and Technology Exchange Center Joint Project on Vaccine Research and Development(No.2024VTJP1004)Jilin Provincial International Cooperation Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers(No.YDZJ202402077CXJD).
文摘Sustained antigen release from delivery systems is a pivotal strategy to enhance vaccine-induced immune responses,primarily by mimicking the antigen exposure kinetics of natural infections to synchronously boost humoral and cellular immunity.However,the absence of an"antigen boost"effect in current approaches stands as a critical bottleneck,limiting the intensity and durability of immune responses.To address the critical gap of insufficient antigen boosting in sustained-release vaccine platforms,we engineered an ultrasound-responsive hydrogel(URH)with diselenide-functionalized 4-arm PEG-ONH_(2)(4-arm PEG-Se-Se-ONH_(2)),4-arm PEG-ONH_(2)and ODEX.Leveraging its exceptional ultrasonic sen-sitivity,the URH enables timely controlled,multiple-boost antigen release both in vitro and in vivo,overcoming the limitations of conventional sustained-release systems.With the multiple boost release mode triggered by ultrasound,the immune response in lymph nodes was significant-ly stronger than that in sustained release group without ultrasonic trigger.At the same time,it also greatly improved the humoral immunity level,URH+US-OVA elicited 7.5×10^(4)-fold higher anti-OVA IgG titers over commercial AI-OVA vaccines and 440-fold higher than URH-OVA vaccines at day 40 post-vaccination,while the levels of blood routine and inflammatory factors were within the normal range,which proved that the safety of URH vaccines.The results support that the antigen release mode is a key factor affecting the immunological efficacy of vaccines,and URH can be modularized to regulate the multiple boost antigen releasemode.
文摘With the help of the effective refractive index method we have numerically analyzed a multilayer planar waveguide structure and calculated the propagation constants, confinement factors, and transverse electric (TE) modes. A five-layer waveguide model has been provided to analyze the electro-magne tic wave propagation process. The analysis method has been applied to the 980 nm laser with active layer of GaInAs/GaInAsP strained quantum wells, GaInAsP confinement layers and GaInP cap layers. By changing the thickness of confinement layers, we obtained confinement factor as high as 95% with higher TE modes TE1 and TE2. The results are in good agreement with the experiment by A. Al-Muhanna et al. and give the new idea to enhance output power of semiconductor lasers. The analysis method can also be extended to any other slab multilayer waveguide structures, and the results are useful to the fabrication of optic-electronic devices.
