A series of orange-red light emitting Ca_(2)MgSi_(2)O_(7):Sm^(3+)nanopowders were fabricated via low-cost ecofriendly green combustion technique using Aloe vera gel as fuel.The phase purity of the samples were confirm...A series of orange-red light emitting Ca_(2)MgSi_(2)O_(7):Sm^(3+)nanopowders were fabricated via low-cost ecofriendly green combustion technique using Aloe vera gel as fuel.The phase purity of the samples were confirmed by the powder X-ray diffraction(PXRD)technique.Pure single-phase tetragonal structure is observed from the PXRD results with no additional impurity peaks.The band gap energy of the fabricated powders was estimated by diffuse reflectance spectra(DRS)and is found to be in the range of 4.01-5.98 eV.A high resolution scanning electron microscope(SEM)was used to study the morphological behaviour of the samples.Honeycomb-like structures are observed from the SEM results.The particle size was evaluated by transmission electron microscopy(TEM)and is found to be~50 nm.The interplanar distance is found to be 0.53 nm.Photoluminescence properties were systematically studied in detail.The phosphors are successfully excited at 403 nm NUV light,producing reddish-orange characteristic emission.The emission peaks are centered at 558(^(4)G_(5/2)→^(6)H_(5/2)),607(^(4)G_(5/2)→^(6)H_(7/2))and 645 nm(^(4)G_(5/2)→^(6)H_(9/2)),respectively.Among the observed peaks the red emanation(^(4)G_(5/2)→^(6)H_(7/2))is stronger than the orange emission(^(4)G_(5/2)→^(6)H_(5/2))in the current investigation.The photoluminescent concentration quenching is noticed above 5 mol%Sm^(3+)ion doping content.The dipole-dipole interaction resulting in cross relaxation is found to be the principal cause of concentration quenching mechanism.The color features such as Commission Internationale de I’Eclairage(CIE)and correlated color temperature(CCT)were studied in detail.The optimized chromaticity coordinates were estimated to be(0.6363,0.3632),which fall in the reddish-orange region.The average CCT value obtained is 3362 K.The average color purity is found to be~82%.Sm^(3+)incorporated Ca_(2)MgSi_(2)O_(7) samples are possible contender for single white light generation commercial candidates owing to their strong hypersensitivity of Sm^(3+)ions through host,least possibility for re-absorption of blue-green emission owing to poor direct f-f excitation of Sm^(3+)ions,and high color purity(reddish-orange emission).The prepared powders exhibit excellent electrochemical redox properties and CPE modified optimized powders show outstanding sensitive response which indicates its use in the potential electrochemical sensor materials for drug sensing studies.展开更多
AIM:To investigate possible associations of anti-nuclear envelope antibody(ANEA)with disease severity and survival in Greek primary biliary cirrhosis(PBC)patients.METHODS:Serum samples were collected at diagnosis from...AIM:To investigate possible associations of anti-nuclear envelope antibody(ANEA)with disease severity and survival in Greek primary biliary cirrhosis(PBC)patients.METHODS:Serum samples were collected at diagnosis from 147 PBC patients(85%female),who were followed-up for a median 89.5 mo(range 1-240).ANEA were detected with indirect immunofluorescence on 1% formaldehyde fixed Hep2 cells,and anti-gp210 antibodies were detected using an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.Findings were correlated with clinical data,histology,and survival.RESULTS:ANEA were detected in 69/147(46.9%) patients and 31/147(21%)were also anti-gp210 positive.The ANEA positive patients were at a more advanced histological stage(Ⅰ-Ⅱ/Ⅲ-Ⅳ56.5%/43.5% vs 74.4%/25.6%,P=0.005)compared to the ANEA negative ones.They had a higher antimitochondrial antibodies(AMA)titer(≤1:160/>1:160 50.7%/49.3%vs 71.8%/28.2%,P=0.001)and a lower survival time(91.7 ±50.7 mo vs 101.8±55 mo,P=0.043).Moreover,they had more advanced fibrosis,portal inflammation,interface hepatitis,and proliferation of bile ductules(P =0.008,P=0.008,P=0.019,and P=0.027,respectively).They also died more frequently of hepatic failure and/or hepatocellular carcinoma(P=0.016).ANEA positive,anti-gp210 positive patients had a difference in stage(Ⅰ-Ⅱ/Ⅲ-Ⅳ54.8%/45.2%vs 74.4%/25.6%,P= 0.006),AMA titer(≤1:160/>1:160 51.6%/48.4%vs 71.8%/28.2%,P=0.009),survival(91.1±52.9 mo vs 101.8±55 mo,P=0.009),and Mayo risk score(5.5 ±1.9 vs 5.04±1.3,P=0.04)compared to the ANEA negative patients.ANEA positive,anti-gp210 negative patients had a difference in AMA titer(≤1:160/>1:160 50%/50%vs 71.8%/28.2%,P=0.002),stage(Ⅰ-Ⅱ/Ⅲ -Ⅳ57.9%/42.1%vs 74.4%/25.6%,P=0.033),fibrosis(P=0.009),portal inflammation(P=0.018),interface hepatitis(P=0.032),and proliferation of bile ductules(P=0.031).Anti-gp210 positive patients had a worse Mayo risk score(5.5±1.9 vs 4.9±1.7,P=0.038)than the anti-gp210 negative ones.CONCLUSION:The presence of ANEA and anti-gp210 identifies a subgroup of PBC patients with advanced disease severity and poor prognosis.展开更多
A practical regression method of saturation exponential in pre-dose technique is proposed. The method is mainly applied for porcelain datillg. To test the method, some simulated paleodoses of the imitations of ancient...A practical regression method of saturation exponential in pre-dose technique is proposed. The method is mainly applied for porcelain datillg. To test the method, some simulated paleodoses of the imitations of ancient porcelain were used. The measured results are in good agreement with the simulated values of the paleodoses, and the average ratios of the two values by using the two ways are 1.05 and 0.99 with standard deviations (±lσ) of 19% and 15% respectively. Such errors can be accepted in porcelain dating.展开更多
Global climate change is impacting organisms, biological communities and ecosystems around the world. While most research has focused on characterizing how the climate is changing, including modeling future climatic c...Global climate change is impacting organisms, biological communities and ecosystems around the world. While most research has focused on characterizing how the climate is changing, including modeling future climatic conditions and predicting the impacts of these conditions on biodiversity, it is also the case that climate change is altering the environmental impacts of chemical pollution. Future climate conditions are expected to influence both the worldwide distribution of chemicals and the toxi- cological consequences of chemical exposures to organisms. Many of the environmental changes associated with a warming global climate （e.g., increased average - and possibly extreme - temperatures; intense periods of drier and wetter conditions; reduced ocean pH; altered salinity dynamics in estuaries） have the potential to enhance organism susceptibility to chemical toxicity. Addi- tionally, chemical exposures themselves may impair the ability of organisms to cope with the changing environmental conditions of the shifting climate. Such reciprocity in the interactions between climate change and chemicals illustrates the complexity inherent in predicting the toxicological consequences of chemical exposures under future climate scenarios. Here, we summarize what is currently known about the potential reciprocal effects of climate change and chemical toxicity on wildlife, and depict current approaches and ongoing challenges for incorporating climate effects into chemical testing and assessment. Given the rapid pace of new man-made chemistries, the development of accurate and rapid methods to evaluate multiple chemical and non-chemical stressors in an ecologically relevant context will be critical to understanding toxic and endocrine-disrupting effects of chemical pollutants under future climate scenarios [Current Zoology 61 （4）： 669-689, 2015].展开更多
In many cases of prostate cancer, changes of prostate volume were measured very frequently after castration by means of transrectal ultrasound. For short-term observations, a factor called as ＂reduction time （tau [...In many cases of prostate cancer, changes of prostate volume were measured very frequently after castration by means of transrectal ultrasound. For short-term observations, a factor called as ＂reduction time （tau [τ]）,＂ which means the time required for the volume of ＂effective portion＂ （volume responded to castration） to be reduced to one-tenth of its original value, correlated very well with patients＇ prognosis. For long-term observations for relapse, changes of prostate volume could be divided clearly into two types, namely, ＂metastatic progressive type＂ with metastasis without volume increase and ＂local progressive type＂ with remarkable volume increase without metastasis. ＂τ＂ in the ＂local progressive type＂ was far shorter than that in the ＂metastatic progressive type.＂ Much longer survival was obtained when the patient belonged to the ＂local progressive type＂ than to the ＂metastatic progressive type.＂ Thus, ＂τ＂ was the most important and the most reliable factor to predict the prognosis. Based upon these observations, a schematic analysis of prostate cancer relapse was shown.展开更多
β-BBO is a excellent nonlinear optical crystal.The phase transition point of the crystal is lower than its melting point,so the crystal must be grown by flux method.It is known that low growth rate and flux contamina...β-BBO is a excellent nonlinear optical crystal.The phase transition point of the crystal is lower than its melting point,so the crystal must be grown by flux method.It is known that low growth rate and flux contamination are the two shortcomings of this method.展开更多
<b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Background:</span></b></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verd...<b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Background:</span></b></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Understanding the biology of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Anopheles</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> malaria vector species is essential to planning effective and sustainable malaria control strategies in endemic countries. This study reported the implication of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Anopheles leesoni </span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">in malaria transmission in Cameroon, Central Africa. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Methods:</span></b><i> </i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Mosquitoes were collected in three localities from May 2015 to March 2018 using electric aspirators and Centers for Disease Control light traps (CDC-LT). </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Anopheles funestus</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">sensu lato</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> (</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">s</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">.</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">l</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">.) mosquitoes were identified as species using polymerase chain reaction assay (PCR). Furthermore, </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Plasmodium falciparum</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> infection status was determined using the enzyme-linked</span></span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""> </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Results: </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">A total of 12,744 </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Anopheles</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> mosquitoes were collected by electric aspirator (N = 4844) and CDC-LT (N = 7900). </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Anopheles funestus</span></i><span> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">s</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">.</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">l</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. (86.95%)</span><i> </i></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">was the major species and the main malaria vector in rural savannah and rural forest sites followed by </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">A</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">gambiae</span></i><span> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">s</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">.</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">l</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. (13.05%)</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> whereas</span><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> in urban areas, </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">A</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">.</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> gambiae</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">s</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">.</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">l</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. was</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> by far the most abundant representing 91.45% of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Anopheles</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> mosquitoes collected. Two members of the </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">A</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">.</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> funestus</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> group were identified among 1389 analysed by PCR: 1307 </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">A</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">.</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> funestus sensu stricto</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> (</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">s</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">.</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">s</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">.)</span><i> </i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">(94.10%) and 82 </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">A</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">.</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> leesoni</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> (5.9%). </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Plasmodium falciparum </span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">infection rate was 21.04% in </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">A</span></i><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">.</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> funestus </span></i></span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">s</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">.</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">s</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. For the first time, </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">A</span></i><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">.</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> leesoni</span></i> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">was found positive for </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">P</span></i><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">.</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> falciparum</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> (infection rate: 10.98%)</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> in Cameroon. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Conclusion: </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">A very high </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">P</span></i><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">.</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> falciparum</span></i></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> infection rate was observed in this study in </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">A</span></i><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">.</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> funestus s</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">.</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">s</span></i></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">., highlighting its high implication in malaria transmission in Cameroon. Furthermore, the detection of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">P</span></i><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">.</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> falciparum</span></i></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> infection in </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">A</span></i><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">.</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> leesoni</span></i></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> calls for more attention towards this neglected vector species.展开更多
In this study, we investigated the preventive effects of a probiotic preparation (Miya BM) containing Clostridium butyricum spores against the side effects of Helicobacter pylori eradication. The rats were administere...In this study, we investigated the preventive effects of a probiotic preparation (Miya BM) containing Clostridium butyricum spores against the side effects of Helicobacter pylori eradication. The rats were administered omeprazole, amoxicillin and clarithromycin, which combination of drugs was a new triple-therapy proposed for the firstline therapy by the guideline of the treatment of H.pylori infection in Japan. Obligate anaerobes and Lactobacillus were decreased markedly, while aerobes were increased after the three drugs administration. Moreover, Clostridium difficile causative of antibioticassociated diarrhea was isolated from feces after the 7th. Administration of Miya BM decreased the number of C.difficile in the feces and increased the short chain fatty acids in the intestinal contents.展开更多
Photonic synapses combining photosensitivity and synaptic function can efficiently perceive and memorize visual information,making them crucial for the development of artificial vision systems.However,the development ...Photonic synapses combining photosensitivity and synaptic function can efficiently perceive and memorize visual information,making them crucial for the development of artificial vision systems.However,the development of high-performance photonic synapses with low power consumption and rapid optical erasing ability remains challenging.Here,we propose a photon-modulated charging/discharging mechanism for self-powered photonic synapses.The current hysteresis enables the devices based on CsPbBr3/solvent/carbon nitride multilayer architecture to emulate synaptic behaviors,such as excitatory postsynaptic currents,paired-pulse facilitation,and long/short-term memory.Intriguingly,the unique radiation direction-dependent photocurrent endows the photonic synapses with the capability of optical writing and rapid optical erasing.Moreover,the photonic synapses exhibit exceptional performance in contrast enhancement and noise reduction owing to the notable synaptic plasticity.In simulations based on artificial neural network(ANN)algorithms,the pre-processing by our photonic synapses improves the recognition rate of handwritten digit from 11.4%(200 training epochs)to 85%(~60 training epochs).Furthermore,due to the excellent feature extraction and memory capability,an array based on the photonic synapses can imitate facial recognition of human retina without the assistance of ANN.展开更多
文摘A series of orange-red light emitting Ca_(2)MgSi_(2)O_(7):Sm^(3+)nanopowders were fabricated via low-cost ecofriendly green combustion technique using Aloe vera gel as fuel.The phase purity of the samples were confirmed by the powder X-ray diffraction(PXRD)technique.Pure single-phase tetragonal structure is observed from the PXRD results with no additional impurity peaks.The band gap energy of the fabricated powders was estimated by diffuse reflectance spectra(DRS)and is found to be in the range of 4.01-5.98 eV.A high resolution scanning electron microscope(SEM)was used to study the morphological behaviour of the samples.Honeycomb-like structures are observed from the SEM results.The particle size was evaluated by transmission electron microscopy(TEM)and is found to be~50 nm.The interplanar distance is found to be 0.53 nm.Photoluminescence properties were systematically studied in detail.The phosphors are successfully excited at 403 nm NUV light,producing reddish-orange characteristic emission.The emission peaks are centered at 558(^(4)G_(5/2)→^(6)H_(5/2)),607(^(4)G_(5/2)→^(6)H_(7/2))and 645 nm(^(4)G_(5/2)→^(6)H_(9/2)),respectively.Among the observed peaks the red emanation(^(4)G_(5/2)→^(6)H_(7/2))is stronger than the orange emission(^(4)G_(5/2)→^(6)H_(5/2))in the current investigation.The photoluminescent concentration quenching is noticed above 5 mol%Sm^(3+)ion doping content.The dipole-dipole interaction resulting in cross relaxation is found to be the principal cause of concentration quenching mechanism.The color features such as Commission Internationale de I’Eclairage(CIE)and correlated color temperature(CCT)were studied in detail.The optimized chromaticity coordinates were estimated to be(0.6363,0.3632),which fall in the reddish-orange region.The average CCT value obtained is 3362 K.The average color purity is found to be~82%.Sm^(3+)incorporated Ca_(2)MgSi_(2)O_(7) samples are possible contender for single white light generation commercial candidates owing to their strong hypersensitivity of Sm^(3+)ions through host,least possibility for re-absorption of blue-green emission owing to poor direct f-f excitation of Sm^(3+)ions,and high color purity(reddish-orange emission).The prepared powders exhibit excellent electrochemical redox properties and CPE modified optimized powders show outstanding sensitive response which indicates its use in the potential electrochemical sensor materials for drug sensing studies.
基金Supported by PENED 2003(03E_66)from the Greek Secretariat of Research and Technology to Theodoropoulos PA
文摘AIM:To investigate possible associations of anti-nuclear envelope antibody(ANEA)with disease severity and survival in Greek primary biliary cirrhosis(PBC)patients.METHODS:Serum samples were collected at diagnosis from 147 PBC patients(85%female),who were followed-up for a median 89.5 mo(range 1-240).ANEA were detected with indirect immunofluorescence on 1% formaldehyde fixed Hep2 cells,and anti-gp210 antibodies were detected using an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.Findings were correlated with clinical data,histology,and survival.RESULTS:ANEA were detected in 69/147(46.9%) patients and 31/147(21%)were also anti-gp210 positive.The ANEA positive patients were at a more advanced histological stage(Ⅰ-Ⅱ/Ⅲ-Ⅳ56.5%/43.5% vs 74.4%/25.6%,P=0.005)compared to the ANEA negative ones.They had a higher antimitochondrial antibodies(AMA)titer(≤1:160/>1:160 50.7%/49.3%vs 71.8%/28.2%,P=0.001)and a lower survival time(91.7 ±50.7 mo vs 101.8±55 mo,P=0.043).Moreover,they had more advanced fibrosis,portal inflammation,interface hepatitis,and proliferation of bile ductules(P =0.008,P=0.008,P=0.019,and P=0.027,respectively).They also died more frequently of hepatic failure and/or hepatocellular carcinoma(P=0.016).ANEA positive,anti-gp210 positive patients had a difference in stage(Ⅰ-Ⅱ/Ⅲ-Ⅳ54.8%/45.2%vs 74.4%/25.6%,P= 0.006),AMA titer(≤1:160/>1:160 51.6%/48.4%vs 71.8%/28.2%,P=0.009),survival(91.1±52.9 mo vs 101.8±55 mo,P=0.009),and Mayo risk score(5.5 ±1.9 vs 5.04±1.3,P=0.04)compared to the ANEA negative patients.ANEA positive,anti-gp210 negative patients had a difference in AMA titer(≤1:160/>1:160 50%/50%vs 71.8%/28.2%,P=0.002),stage(Ⅰ-Ⅱ/Ⅲ -Ⅳ57.9%/42.1%vs 74.4%/25.6%,P=0.033),fibrosis(P=0.009),portal inflammation(P=0.018),interface hepatitis(P=0.032),and proliferation of bile ductules(P=0.031).Anti-gp210 positive patients had a worse Mayo risk score(5.5±1.9 vs 4.9±1.7,P=0.038)than the anti-gp210 negative ones.CONCLUSION:The presence of ANEA and anti-gp210 identifies a subgroup of PBC patients with advanced disease severity and poor prognosis.
文摘A practical regression method of saturation exponential in pre-dose technique is proposed. The method is mainly applied for porcelain datillg. To test the method, some simulated paleodoses of the imitations of ancient porcelain were used. The measured results are in good agreement with the simulated values of the paleodoses, and the average ratios of the two values by using the two ways are 1.05 and 0.99 with standard deviations (±lσ) of 19% and 15% respectively. Such errors can be accepted in porcelain dating.
文摘Global climate change is impacting organisms, biological communities and ecosystems around the world. While most research has focused on characterizing how the climate is changing, including modeling future climatic conditions and predicting the impacts of these conditions on biodiversity, it is also the case that climate change is altering the environmental impacts of chemical pollution. Future climate conditions are expected to influence both the worldwide distribution of chemicals and the toxi- cological consequences of chemical exposures to organisms. Many of the environmental changes associated with a warming global climate （e.g., increased average - and possibly extreme - temperatures; intense periods of drier and wetter conditions; reduced ocean pH; altered salinity dynamics in estuaries） have the potential to enhance organism susceptibility to chemical toxicity. Addi- tionally, chemical exposures themselves may impair the ability of organisms to cope with the changing environmental conditions of the shifting climate. Such reciprocity in the interactions between climate change and chemicals illustrates the complexity inherent in predicting the toxicological consequences of chemical exposures under future climate scenarios. Here, we summarize what is currently known about the potential reciprocal effects of climate change and chemical toxicity on wildlife, and depict current approaches and ongoing challenges for incorporating climate effects into chemical testing and assessment. Given the rapid pace of new man-made chemistries, the development of accurate and rapid methods to evaluate multiple chemical and non-chemical stressors in an ecologically relevant context will be critical to understanding toxic and endocrine-disrupting effects of chemical pollutants under future climate scenarios [Current Zoology 61 （4）： 669-689, 2015].
文摘In many cases of prostate cancer, changes of prostate volume were measured very frequently after castration by means of transrectal ultrasound. For short-term observations, a factor called as ＂reduction time （tau [τ]）,＂ which means the time required for the volume of ＂effective portion＂ （volume responded to castration） to be reduced to one-tenth of its original value, correlated very well with patients＇ prognosis. For long-term observations for relapse, changes of prostate volume could be divided clearly into two types, namely, ＂metastatic progressive type＂ with metastasis without volume increase and ＂local progressive type＂ with remarkable volume increase without metastasis. ＂τ＂ in the ＂local progressive type＂ was far shorter than that in the ＂metastatic progressive type.＂ Much longer survival was obtained when the patient belonged to the ＂local progressive type＂ than to the ＂metastatic progressive type.＂ Thus, ＂τ＂ was the most important and the most reliable factor to predict the prognosis. Based upon these observations, a schematic analysis of prostate cancer relapse was shown.
文摘β-BBO is a excellent nonlinear optical crystal.The phase transition point of the crystal is lower than its melting point,so the crystal must be grown by flux method.It is known that low growth rate and flux contamination are the two shortcomings of this method.
文摘<b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Background:</span></b></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Understanding the biology of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Anopheles</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> malaria vector species is essential to planning effective and sustainable malaria control strategies in endemic countries. This study reported the implication of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Anopheles leesoni </span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">in malaria transmission in Cameroon, Central Africa. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Methods:</span></b><i> </i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Mosquitoes were collected in three localities from May 2015 to March 2018 using electric aspirators and Centers for Disease Control light traps (CDC-LT). </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Anopheles funestus</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">sensu lato</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> (</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">s</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">.</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">l</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">.) mosquitoes were identified as species using polymerase chain reaction assay (PCR). Furthermore, </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Plasmodium falciparum</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> infection status was determined using the enzyme-linked</span></span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""> </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Results: </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">A total of 12,744 </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Anopheles</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> mosquitoes were collected by electric aspirator (N = 4844) and CDC-LT (N = 7900). </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Anopheles funestus</span></i><span> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">s</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">.</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">l</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. (86.95%)</span><i> </i></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">was the major species and the main malaria vector in rural savannah and rural forest sites followed by </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">A</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">gambiae</span></i><span> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">s</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">.</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">l</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. (13.05%)</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> whereas</span><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> in urban areas, </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">A</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">.</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> gambiae</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">s</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">.</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">l</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. was</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> by far the most abundant representing 91.45% of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Anopheles</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> mosquitoes collected. Two members of the </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">A</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">.</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> funestus</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> group were identified among 1389 analysed by PCR: 1307 </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">A</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">.</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> funestus sensu stricto</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> (</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">s</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">.</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">s</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">.)</span><i> </i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">(94.10%) and 82 </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">A</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">.</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> leesoni</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> (5.9%). </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Plasmodium falciparum </span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">infection rate was 21.04% in </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">A</span></i><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">.</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> funestus </span></i></span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">s</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">.</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">s</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. For the first time, </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">A</span></i><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">.</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> leesoni</span></i> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">was found positive for </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">P</span></i><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">.</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> falciparum</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> (infection rate: 10.98%)</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> in Cameroon. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Conclusion: </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">A very high </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">P</span></i><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">.</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> falciparum</span></i></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> infection rate was observed in this study in </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">A</span></i><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">.</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> funestus s</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">.</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">s</span></i></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">., highlighting its high implication in malaria transmission in Cameroon. Furthermore, the detection of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">P</span></i><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">.</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> falciparum</span></i></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> infection in </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">A</span></i><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">.</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> leesoni</span></i></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> calls for more attention towards this neglected vector species.
文摘In this study, we investigated the preventive effects of a probiotic preparation (Miya BM) containing Clostridium butyricum spores against the side effects of Helicobacter pylori eradication. The rats were administered omeprazole, amoxicillin and clarithromycin, which combination of drugs was a new triple-therapy proposed for the firstline therapy by the guideline of the treatment of H.pylori infection in Japan. Obligate anaerobes and Lactobacillus were decreased markedly, while aerobes were increased after the three drugs administration. Moreover, Clostridium difficile causative of antibioticassociated diarrhea was isolated from feces after the 7th. Administration of Miya BM decreased the number of C.difficile in the feces and increased the short chain fatty acids in the intestinal contents.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2021YQ32)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2023M740472)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62175162,62205214,and 61901222)the Taishan Scholars Program of Shandong Province(tsqn201909117)the Special Fund for Science and Technology Innovation Teams of Shanxi Province and Foundation of Shenzhen Science and Technology(20200814100534001).
文摘Photonic synapses combining photosensitivity and synaptic function can efficiently perceive and memorize visual information,making them crucial for the development of artificial vision systems.However,the development of high-performance photonic synapses with low power consumption and rapid optical erasing ability remains challenging.Here,we propose a photon-modulated charging/discharging mechanism for self-powered photonic synapses.The current hysteresis enables the devices based on CsPbBr3/solvent/carbon nitride multilayer architecture to emulate synaptic behaviors,such as excitatory postsynaptic currents,paired-pulse facilitation,and long/short-term memory.Intriguingly,the unique radiation direction-dependent photocurrent endows the photonic synapses with the capability of optical writing and rapid optical erasing.Moreover,the photonic synapses exhibit exceptional performance in contrast enhancement and noise reduction owing to the notable synaptic plasticity.In simulations based on artificial neural network(ANN)algorithms,the pre-processing by our photonic synapses improves the recognition rate of handwritten digit from 11.4%(200 training epochs)to 85%(~60 training epochs).Furthermore,due to the excellent feature extraction and memory capability,an array based on the photonic synapses can imitate facial recognition of human retina without the assistance of ANN.
